Kazakhstan’s New Foreign Policy after the Leadership Change : with reference to “Kazakhstan’s Foreign Policy 2020-2030” of Tokayev Government

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Jieon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Leadership Change

scholarly journals Persepsi Suharto dan Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia terhadap Cina pada Awal Orde Baru

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Hafid Adim Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Leadership Change ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Perception Theory ◽  
Foreign Policy Change

Leadership change from Sukarno to Suharto had given impact to Indonesia foreignpolicies. One of many changes of Indonesia foreign policies in Suharto regime is the severance ofdiplomatic relations with China. This paper aim to explain the Indonesia’s foreign policy change inthat time, especially the severance of diplomatic relations with China in 1967. Despite it becomes ahistorical relic, a case study of Indonesia’s foreign policy under Suharto remains important sincethere have been no specific research focusing on the severance of diplomatic relations betweenIndonesia and China. Using Perception Theory from Ole R. Holsti as the tool of analysis, thispaper concludes that the deteriorating relations between Indonesia and China in 1967 wasinfluenced by Suharto’s perception considered that China is a threat to Indonesia following theattempted coup in 1965.Keywords: Suharto’s perception, Indonesia’s foreign policy, China

China’s human rights foreign policy in the Xi Jinping era: Normative revisionism shrouded in discursive moderation

2020 ◽  
pp. 136914812095761
Author(s):  
Titus C Chen ◽  
Chiahao Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
National Development ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Leadership Change ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
International Human ◽  
Human Rights Norms

This article applies mixed methods to examine if PRC leadership change in 2012 – from the Hu Jintao government to the Xi Jinping administration – has led to significant changes in China’s international human rights policy. Empirical analyses characterise a discursively moderate China whose international human rights statements in the Xi-era are no more contentious than during Hu Jintao’s time. Despite its communicative moderation, Xi’s China is found to have pursued an agenda of international human rights policy that is more ambitious and revisionist than before. China under Xi’s rule is no longer content with passively defending its human rights governance model but has actively promoted this model internationally. The Xi Jinping administration has undertaken to market its illiberal model of national development as the new universal framework for the international human rights system. By doing so, Xi’s China is bound to undermine the liberal foundation of international human rights norms.

Leadership Change and Chinese Political Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 903-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell Dittmer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
International System ◽  
State Building ◽  
Leadership Change ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
Party Congress

This article has three goals. The first is to characterize the nature of the current Chinese political system, culminating at the 16th Party Congress, as a combination of economic, domestic political and foreign policy reform. Economically, it represents a continuation of marketization, privatization and globalization under more centrally controlled auspices. Politically, it represents a continuation of Dengist emphases on elite civility and administrative institutionalization. And in foreign policy, it brings China to the threshold of great power status, as the old ambivalence between overthrowing the international system and assuming an important role within it nears resolution. The second purpose, viewing “Jiangism” in comparative developmental terms, conceives political development in terms of both state-building and nation-building: the greatest emphasis has been on the former. The third goal is to subject Jiangism to immanent critique by pointing out the most conspicuous emergent contradictions. These seem to include gaps between rich and poor and between east and west, a largely unsuccessful attempt to reform the nation's industrial core and its attendant financial system, and a paradoxical inability to police the state even while increasing state capacity.

Maxims of Foreign Policy

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
W.J. Boot
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Japanese Identity

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.

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