Does toxic stress impact paediatric dental procedures? An integrative review

Toxic stress is defined as strong, repetitive stress with prolonged activation, without the child having the support of an adult caregiver. It is plausible that invasive and complex paediatric interventions produce or contribute to the development of toxic stress. This article aims to evaluate, discuss and synthesize the association between toxic stress and paediatric dental clinical practice through an integrative review of studies published in several databases. The results of this study allow us to state that this subject is little explored in the dental literature and, therefore, that it is essential to encourage clinical studies and specific research. The expansion of these studies will provide health professionals with scientific evidence regarding the implementation of proper clinical practice, thus reducing or even eliminating the development of toxic stress.

Conclusion

This chapter discusses lessons the candlelight vigils and other similar cases offer for our understanding of how collective actions co-adapt with information ecosystems. In particular, the author discusses how empirical data analysis informs the agent-affordance framework by illustrating ways in which information generation and distribution mechanisms involve diverse agents within the information ecosystem. This chapter also discusses how insights offered in this book might be applicable to citizens’ calls for major political changes in other democratic countries. The chapter concludes by summarizing the scholarly and policy contributions of the book and suggesting a need for specific research to examine challenges for democratic governance posed by the rapidly growing volume of information available in the public sphere.

Василий Татищев, “искусной архитект” Фридриха Барбароссы и кто-то третий

The author attempts to find out under what circumstances Vasilii Tatishchev could have come to his assertion that Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had sent an architect to Andrei Bogoliubskii, prince of Vladimir. Despite the wide popularity of this Tatishchev's argument among today's historians of architecture, it has never become the subject of a special study. Meanwhile, this case allows a deep look into the specific research methods of a historian in the first half of the eighteenth century, as well as into his narrative strategies and value orientations.

Participatory Research: A Priority Setting Partnership for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Denmark

Background Patient and stakeholder engagements in research have increasingly gained attention in healthcare and healthcare-related research. A common and rigorous approach to establish research priorities based on input from people and stakeholders is the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership (JLA-PSP). The aim of this study was to establish research priorities for chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain by engaging with humans living with chronic MSK pain, relatives to humans living with chronic MSK pain, healthcare professionals (HCP), and researchers working with chronic MSK pain. Methods This JLA-PSP included a nation-wide survey in Denmark, an interim prioritisation, and an online consensus building workshop. The information gained from this was the basis for developing the final list of specific research priorities within chronic MSK pain. Results In the initial survey, 1010 respondents (91% people living with chronic MSK pain/relatives, 9% HCPs/researchers) submitted 3121 potential questions. These were summarised into 19 main themes and 36 sub-themes. In the interim prioritisation exercise, 51% people living with pain/relatives and 49% HCPs/researchers reduced the list to 33 research questions prior to the final priority setting workshop. 23 participants attended the online workshop (12 people/relatives, 10 HCPs, and 1 researcher) who reached consensus for the most important research priorities after two rounds of discussion of each question. Conclusion This study identified several specific research questions generated by people living with chronic MSK pain, relatives, HCPs, and researchers. The stakeholders proposed prioritization of the healthcare system's ability to support patients, focus on developing coherent pathways between sectors and education for both patients and HCP. These research questions can form the basis for future studies, funders, and be used to align research with end-users priorities Keywords Chronic musculoskeletal pain, patient and public involvement, research priorities

Bibliographic Information in the Theatre Magazine Artist

The theatre magazine Artist has repeatedly become an object of scientific research. However, despite the wealth of works with a focus on structure of the magazine, the bibliographic section of Artist remains insufficiently studied. The bibliographic information of the journal has not yet become an object of subject-specific research. The empirical basis of the study is a complete set of publications of the theater magazine Artist for the entire period of its existence. Primary attention is paid to the bibliographic section of the journal and the appendix. Research methods are theoretical and historical analysis, generalization and systematization of the results obtained. In the proposed article, the author describes and comprehends the main forms of latent bibliographic information in the theatrical magazine Artist, first of all, the independent section Bibliography. The study defines main thematic areas of the section, its structure and main genres. The author also analyzes the types of bibliographic advertising in the journal: alphabetical directories of plays allowed to be performed, index of plays suitable for amateur shows, announcements on subscription from magazine editors, advertising of new books, ads for subscriptions to other print media. The author comes to the conclusion that along with educational intentions, the magazine staff solved specific selling tasks (sale of the magazine and books distributed through the publishers office). The latent bibliographic information of Artist can be useful for specialists interested in history of literature, journalism and theatre.

Systematically Understanding Cybersecurity Economics: A Survey

Insights in the field of cybersecurity economics empower decision makers to make informed decisions that improve their evaluation and management of situations that may lead to catastrophic consequences and threaten the sustainability of digital ecosystems. By drawing on these insights, cybersecurity practitioners have been able to respond to many complex problems that have emerged within the context of cybersecurity over the last two decades. The academic field of cybersecurity economics is highly interdisciplinary since it combines core findings and tools from disciplines such as sociology, psychology, law, political science, and computer science. This study aims to develop an extensive and consistent survey based on a literature review and publicly available reports. This review contributes by aggregating the available knowledge from 28 studies, out of a collection of 628 scholarly articles, to answer five specific research questions. The focus is how identified topics have been conceptualized and studied variously. This review shows that most of the cybersecurity economics models are transitioning from unrealistic, unverifiable, or highly simplified fundamental premises toward dynamic, stochastic, and generalizable models.

Research priorities for lower limb amputation in patients with vascular disease

Introduction: Major lower limb amputation (MLLA) is a life-changing event often associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Research into MLLA surgery is limited. The Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland (VSGBI) in partnership with the James Lind Alliance (JLA) aimed to identify and develop key research priorities for MLLA. Methods: A modified JLA Priority Setting Partnership was undertaken, encompassing all vascular practice. Two separate Delphi processes to identify research priorities were undertaken with healthcare professionals, patients and carers, led by the VSGBI. The priorities were then scored by the same participants and amalgamated to produce a list for final ranking. The final consensus meeting was attended by patients, carers and healthcare professionals from a variety of backgrounds involved in the care of people with MLLA. Using a nominal group technique, a ranked list of the top ten research priorities were identified. Results: A total of 481 clinicians submitted 1,231 research priorities relating to vascular surgery in general. Sixty-three MLLA-specific research priorities were combined into five final priorities. Three hundred and seventy-three patients or carers submitted 582 research priorities related to vascular surgery in general. Nine MLLA-specific research priorities were identified after combining similar priorities. The final consensus meeting produced a ranked top 10 list of research priorities relating to: MLLA prevention, supporting rehabilitation, improving clinical outcomes following MLLA (preventing/treating pain including phantom limb pain and improving wound healing) and research into information provision for patients undergoing MLLA. Conclusions: The top 10 MLLA research priorities provide guidance for researchers, clinicians and funders on the direction of future research questions that are important to both healthcare professionals and patients.

The science of learning health systems: A scoping review of the empirical research (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The development and adoption of a Learning Health System (LHS) has been proposed as a means to address key challenges facing current and future healthcare systems. The first review of the LHS literature was conducted five years ago, identifying only a small number of published articles had empirically examined the implementation or testing of an LHS. It is timely to look more closely at the published empirical research and to ask the question “where are we now?”, five years on from that early LHS review. OBJECTIVE A scoping review of empirical research within the LHS domain. Taking an implementation science lens, the review aimed to map out the empirical research that has been conducted to date, identify limitations and future directions for the field. METHODS Two academic databases (PubMed and Scopus) were searched using the terms “learning health* system*” for articles published between 1st January 2016–31st January 2021 that had an explicit empirical focus on LHSs. Article information was extracted relevant to the review objective including each study’s: publication details; primary concern or focus; context; design; data type; implementation framework, model or theory used; and implementation determinants or outcomes examined. RESULTS A total of 76 studies were included in this review. Over two-thirds of the studies were concerned with implementing a particular program, system, or platform (n=53/76, 69.7%) designed to contribute to achieving an LHS. Most of these studies focused on a particular clinical context or patient population (n=37/53, 69.8%), with far fewer studies focusing on whole hospital systems (n = 4/53, 7.5%) or on other broad healthcare systems encompassing multiple facilities (n=12/53, 22.6%). Over two-thirds of the program-specific studies utilised quantitative methods (n=37/53, 69.8%), with a smaller number utilising qualitative methods (n=10/53, 18.9%) or mixed-methods designs (n=6/53, 11.3%). The remaining 23 studies were classified into one of three key areas: ethics, policies, and governance (n=10/76, 13.2%); stakeholder perspectives of LHSs (n=5/76, 6.6%); or LHS-specific research strategies and tools (n=8/76, 10.5%). Overall, relatively few studies were identified that incorporated an implementation science framework. CONCLUSIONS Although there has been considerable growth in empirical applications of LHSs within the last five years, paralleling the recent emergence of LHS-specific research strategies and tools, there are few high-quality studies. Comprehensive reporting of implementation and evaluation efforts is an important step to moving the LHS field forward. In particular, the routine use of implementation determinant and outcome frameworks will improve the assessment and reporting of barriers, enablers and implementation outcomes in this field and will enable comparison and identification of trends across studies.

The Homeric Dependency Lexicon

This paper presents the Homeric Dependency Lexicon (HoDeL), a new resource with a user-friendly interface facilitating the study of Homeric verbs and dependents. HoDeL was induced from the analytical layer of AGDT 2.0, extracting all dependents tagged as SBJ, OBJ, PNOM, and OCOMP with a set of SQL queries. The paper illustrates HoDeL functionalities and shows how they can be employed by researchers to answer specific research questions about the Homeric language. Introducing the uses of HoDeL offers the opportunity to reexamine some crucial, though frequently underestimated, methodological challenges concerning annotated corpora and resources derived from them that relate to the linguistic theories underlying annotations and error propagation. It is argued that the careful documentation of how linguistic resources were created, what data they contain, and how they can be queried through their dedicated interfaces is essential to lay the groundwork for users’ investigations.

Athletes’ and Coaches’ Impressions of Questionable Coaching Practices and Bullying (Emotional Abuse)

Coaches have a profound and long-lasting impact on the athletes they coach. Coaches’ behavior affects athlete anxiety, stress levels, burnout, and eventually, their mental health. This study aimed at gathering relevant information on coaches’ use of inappropriate behaviors towards athletes as reported by athletes and to make comparisons between the responses of the athletes in this study with those of coaches in a previous study. Participants were 251 college students from ten midwestern states who completed a 25-item survey that included a listing of coaching actions described as bullying. Three specific research questions guided the study: 1) has your coach ever done the identified action to you, 2) do you think this is an inappropriate coaching action, and 3) do you consider this bullying. Results indicate that athletes and coaches’ interpretation of the frequency of inappropriate actions, if the actions are considered inappropriate, and if the actions are considered bullying are markedly different. Athletes were more likely to report that the various physical, relational, and verbal actions occurred than were coaches. Keywords: coaching, bullying, athletes, inappropriate