A Comparison of Energy Use and Carbon Generated from the Operation and Maintenance of Passive Onsite and Centralized Wastewater Treatment Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (17) ◽  
pp. 842-860
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

scholarly journals Screening Tool for Energy Evaluation of Projects: A Reference Guide for Assessing Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Systems

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

The Screening Tool for Energy Evaluation of Projects (STEEP) is designed to help improve energy use efficiency in water and wastewater treatment systems. This publication provides a detailed overview of STEEP and guides users on how to apply it during energy use assessments of proposed or existing water supply and wastewater systems. Since 2017, STEEP has been under continuous development based on pilot assessments carried out in various projects financed by the Asian Development Bank. STEEP is available online and can be downloaded for free.

Municipal wastewater reclamation for non-potable reuse – environmental assessments based on pilot-plant studies and system modelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baresel ◽  
Lena Dahlgren ◽  
Mats Almemark ◽  
Aleksandra Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Wastewater reclamation is an upcoming approach that will significantly affect wastewater treatment systems. Despite the fact that technology for treating wastewater to an effluent water quality that meets various quality standards for reuse is already available and applied, the reuse of water is not just a simple and straightforward road. Significant additional energy and civil infrastructure is required to treat the water to a standard that allows it to be safely reused. The total impact of treating and reusing water may be higher than the environmental benefits. Thus, it is crucial the life-cycle impacts from upstream and downstream processes of various reuse technologies, i.e. production of chemicals, energy use, eutrophication, sludge handling, etc. The present paper provides a comprehensive evaluation considering different reuse purposes, treatment technologies and plant size. The results of this study suggest that all these factors are highly significant for the environmental impact of wastewater treatment systems for non-potable applications.

Field performance assessment of onsite individual wastewater treatment systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Moelants ◽  
G. Janssen ◽  
I. Smets ◽  
J. Van Impe
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Systems Maintenance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Onsite individual wastewater treatment systems can provide a financially attractive alternative to a sewer connection in locations far from the existing sewer network. These systems are, however, relatively new, and therefore, shortcomings in the design or operation problems still occur frequently. A previously performed survey revealed that most system owners neither carry out routine operation and maintenance tasks nor have a maintenance agreement with the manufacturer. This suggests that in reality, systems are often improperly managed and do not provide the level of treatment necessary to adequately protect surface and ground waters. To substantiate this statement, the field performance of 23 currently installed individual wastewater treatment systems in Belgium has been assessed. The results of this study confirm that many installed individual systems do not perform well: 52% of them do not meet all the legal effluent standards (BOD, COD, SS). Activated sludge systems prove to be less efficient than biofilm-based systems and extensive systems perform better than compact systems. Maintenance problems and to a lesser extent improperly designed systems are indeed the main cause of unsatisfactory results through, e.g., wash out.

scholarly journals Performance Simulation and Assessment of an Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Technology in a Densely Populated Growing City in a Developing Country: A Case Study in Vientiane, Laos

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanthephar Khattiyavong ◽  
Han Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

The fast-growing population in Vientiane, the capital of Laos, has resulted in increasing domestic wastewater generation, which directly impacts the urban water environment due to the lack of a suitable wastewater treatment system. This study aims to assess six wastewater treatment alternatives based on two technologies—trickling filter and activated sludge—used for on-site, decentralized, and centralized wastewater treatment systems to support decision-making for selecting the most suitable and practical alternative for wastewater treatment in Vientiane. To determine the most appropriate treatment system, the wastewater treatment process simulation with BioWin and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method are applied to assess the removal efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS), as well as to rank the six wastewater treatment technologies based on the following four environmental criteria: (1) land requirement, (2) electricity use, (3) sludge production, and (4) CO2 emissions. The BioWin results illustrate that the capacity of each alternative is similar in terms of domestic wastewater treatment efficiency, while differing in terms of environmental impacts. In addition, the alternative ranking shows that a centralized wastewater treatment system with a trickling-filter process is more suitable than on-site and decentralized wastewater treatment systems based on their environmental impacts. This finding provides evidence for decision-makers to select a suitable alternative for wastewater treatment in order to promote access to safe sanitation and sustainable urban wastewater management in Vientiane, Laos.

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