scholarly journals Effect of seawater irrigation on germination and seedling growth of Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Gouraya National park (Béjaïa, Algeria)

REFORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdenour Kheloufi ◽  
◽  
Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
Representative Area

The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation and its cultivation is important environmentally and economically. It is also an interesting leguminous species for afforestation-reforestation. In this study, carob seeds collected in a representative area of the Mediterranean basin at the national park of Gouraya (Béjaïa, Algeria), were subjected to germination tests under Mediterranean seawater (SW) irrigation of different concentrations (0, 10, 30, 50 and 100% SW) for 15-day period. Before germination tests, a 20 min pre-treatment with 96% sulphuric acid was necessary to overcome seed coat dormancy which does not permit germination. Results showed that the seeds of C. siliqua were able to germinate at different seawater concentration, except for 50% SW and 100% SW which resulted in total inhibition of germination. The maximum number of C. siliqua seed germination of 100% FGP (final germination percentage) appeared at 0% SW and 10% SW. Only 35.5% of the seeds have germinated in 30% SW. Ungerminated seeds of C. siliqua from different SW treatments showed medium germination recovery (FGPRecov) of 39.9% at 50% SW and low recovery of 18.2% at 100% SW when transferred to distilled water after 15 day-period. Seedlings length and seedling fresh and dry weight were significantly (P<0.001) decreased with increasing SW concentrations. Seedling water content remained constant in 10% SW in comparison with the control, while it decreased very slightly in 30% SW. These findings may serve as useful information for C. siliqua habitat establishment and afforestation-reforestation programs in coastal sites and for exploiting seawater in the area.

scholarly journals Diversity analysis of Moroccan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Konaté ◽  
Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf ◽  
El Bekkay Berraho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Diversité Génétique ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L

SUMMARY. Diversity analysis of moroccan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers. The carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a perennial leguminous (Caesalpinioideae) that grows as an evergreen shrub or tree. It’s an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation and its adaptation in marginal soils of the Mediterranean regions is important environmentally and economically. Phenotypic and genetic diversity among 10 Ceratonia siliqua accessions coming from different areas of Morocco were studied with morphometric and RAPD approaches. The analysis of discriminative fruit characters showed highly significant differences among these accessions, the closely related ones have a similarity level less than 65%. No molecular studies have been carried out so far on Ceratonia siliqua. To provide markers useful for molecular diversity study of the carob tree, genomic DNA extraction and amplification conditions were finalized and 67 arbitrary primers were screened. 52 of them showed clearly reproducible banding patterns. The analysis of RAPD profiles revealed a high degree of genetic diversity within these carob accessions and enabled each of them to be uniquely fingerprinted. Overall, in our study we note that morphological relationship between carob accessions is deeply different to their molecular relationship. Concerning the distribution of the accessions according to their geographical origin, clustering based on RAPD data revealed a rough distribution of theses accessions. Indeed, Sidi Bou Ottman, Demnate and Essaouira accessions coming from the south of Morocco seem to be linked in the PCA plot. However, two geographically distant accessions, Aïn Sfa and Ouazzane coming from the north (about 700 Km) were clustered with Essaouira and Demanate - Sidi Bou Ottman, respectively.Key words. Carob, Ceratonia siliqua L., genetic variability, morphometry, RAPD.RÉSUMÉ. Analyse de la diversite des accessions du caroubier marocain (Ceratonia siliqua L.) utilisant des traits phenotypiques et des marqueurs RAPD. Le caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) est une légumineuse pérenne (Caesalpinioideae), à feuillage persistant et pouvant croître entant qu’arbrisseau ou arbre. C’est un composant important de la végétation méditerranéenne et son adaptation aux sols marginaux des régions méditerranéennes est d’une grande importance écologique et économique. La diversité phénotypique et génétique au sein de 10 accessions de caroubier provenant de différentes régions du Maroc a été étudiée par des approches morphométriques et moléculaires (RAPD). L’analyse des caractères morphologiques discriminants du fruit a montré des différences hautement significatives au sein des accessions, puisque les apparentées d’entre elles n’ont approximativement que 65% de similarité. Jusqu’à nos jours, aucune étude moléculaire n’a été entreprise sur Ceratonia siliqua. Pour mettre à disposition des marqueurs utiles pour l’étude de la diversité moléculaire du caroubier, l’extraction de l’ADN génomique et les conditions de l’amplification ont été mises au point et 67 amorces arbitraires ont été criblées. 52 d’entre elles ont montré clairement des profils de bandes reproductibles. L’analyse des profils RAPD a révélé une diversité génétique de haut niveau entre les accessions de caroubier ce qui a permis à chacune d’elles d’être distinguée génétiquement de façon singulière. De manière générale, nous avons noté que la relation morphologique entre les accessions du caroubier est profondément différente de leur relation moléculaire. Concernant la distribution des accessions selon leur origine géographique, le regroupement basé sur les données de la RAPD a révélé une distribution grossière. En effet, les provenances de Sidi Bou Ottman, Demnate et Essaouira, originaires du sud de Maroc, semblent être liés par l’analyse des composantes principales (PCA). Cependant, deux accessions géographiquement distantes, Aïn Sfa et Ouazzane, originaires du Nord (approximativement 700 Kms) ont été liées avec Essaouira et Demanate - Sidi Bou Ottman, respectivement.Mots clés. Caroubier, Ceratonia siliqua L., diversité génétique, morphométrie, RAPD.

Assessing the volatile profile of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 35365-35374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriana Krokou ◽  
Marinos Stylianou ◽  
Agapios Agapiou
Keyword(s):  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L

scholarly journals Unusual Behavior of Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) on Carob Trees in a Mediterranean Environment

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gugliuzzo ◽  
Giulio Criscione ◽  
Giovanna Tropea Garzia
Keyword(s):  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
The One ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Black Twig Borer

Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), commonly known as the black twig borer, was reported in Sicily (Italy) at the end of 2016, infesting Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) twigs, large branches, and trunks. Previous research indicated that X. compactus attacks only small twigs and branches, not large branches and tree trunks. This unusual behavior was monitored through the two following years in five sites in Ragusa province (Sicily, Italy). For each of the monitored sites, the diameter of the infested trunks and branches was recorded. Samples of branches and trunks presenting galleries were removed from the trees and analyzed in the laboratory. Xylosandrus compactus occurred on branches of all monitored trees, while the percentage of infested trunks of carob trees ranged from 60% to 80%. Inside the infested galleries, all biological stages of X. compactus were found. Infestations were also recorded on trunks and branches with diameters greater than 80 cm and 30 cm, respectively. The mean number of X. compactus specimens inside the galleries was recorded and gallery shape was described. Unordinary behaviors, like the one described here for the first time, can affect the current efficiency of management recommendations.

scholarly journals Assessment of plant species diversity associated with the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Fabaceae) at the Mediterranean scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Baumel ◽  
Pascal Mirleau ◽  
Juan Viruel ◽  
Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat ◽  
Stefano La Malfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background and aims – The thermophilous woodlands of the Mediterranean region constitute reservoirs of genetic resources for several fruit trees. Among them, the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a key component of traditional Mediterranean agroecosystems but its ecology was never assessed at the scale of its whole distribution area. Fortunately, phytosociological literature shelters invaluable resources for several issues in conservation, among them the possibility to analyse plant biodiversity at regional or continental scale. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of the phytosociological literature associated to carob tree. Methods – We collected 1542 floristic relevés performed in 18 geographical areas distributed around the Mediterranean in which the presence of C. siliqua was recorded. Species composition of the plant communities was analysed by multivariate ordination and hierarchical classification, and species diversity was evaluated by rarefaction and prediction analyses of Hill numbers. Key results – Multivariate analyses revealed that plant communities associated with the carob tree are well differentiated between the Western and Eastern basins. A wider range of floristic differentiation is revealed in the Western basin where the vegetation reaches its maximal heterogeneity. By comparison, in the Eastern basin the plant assemblages associated with the carob tree are more homogeneous and with a lower species richness but a higher Simpson diversity. Conclusions – The large ecological range of the Mediterranean carob trees is potentially an important evolutionary legacy for the conservation of genetic resources and seed sourcing for new uses such as restoration ecology.

Microsporogenesis and anther culture in carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa Custódio ◽  
Maria Filomena Carneiro ◽  
Anabela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical, Functional and Sensory Properties of Carob Pulp Beverage (Ceratonia Siliqua L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Mouad Achchoub ◽  
Hanane Azzouzi ◽  
Loubna Elhajji ◽  
Mohammed Benbati ◽  
Kaoutar Elfazazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

In Morocco, carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is of considerable socio-economic importance, helping to improve the income of rural populations and to develop the economy of mountain areas. However, the primary use of the carob’s pulp is generally limited in Morocco to animal feed. As a result, the current research suggests a novel pulp-based product designed for human consumption. The main purpose of this work is to characterize a new formulated carob beverage and assess its physicochemical, biochemical, and sensory quality. Two formulas of carob beverages were prepared with two different sugar concentrations (formula A:5 g/100 mL sugar; formula B: 10 g/100 mL sugar). Measurements of pH, titrable acidity, and colour were performed to assess the physicochemical parameters. Total polyphenols and tannins contents were determined as important functional and biochemical parameters. Regarding sensory analysis, preference test, triangle test, hedonic test, and descriptive test, were evaluated. The colour of the two formulations was dark red orange, as determined by chromameter method. For formulae A and B, the titrable acidity was (1.450±0.025) g Citric Acid Equivalent (CAE) /L and (1.450±0.031) CAE g/L, respectively, and the Brix was (11.67±0.22) °Bx and (15.33±0.22) °Bx, respectively. The polyphenols content was (98.8±0.0019) mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) /100 mL for formula A and (97.7000±0.0017) mg GAE/100 mL for formula B. The tannin level was (24.500± 0.027) mg Catechin (CE)/100 mL and (25.400±0.017) mg CE/100 mL for the formula A and formula B samples, respectively. The sensory analysis tests revealed a distinct difference between the two formulae. In fact, the formula B was highly preferred compared to formula A, also the most prominent features in the drink were colour, smell, flavour, and sweetness.

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