scholarly journals F-10. Effects of Vestibular Nerve Stimulation on the Medullary Reticular Neurons

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 274-274
Author(s):  
Yoshio UCHINO ◽  
Yasuo SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Reticular Neurons

scholarly journals A multi-scale model reveals cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying hyperpolarisation-gated synaptic plasticity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubin Xie ◽  
Marcel Kazmierczyk ◽  
Bruce P. Graham ◽  
Mayank B. Dutia ◽  
Melanie I. Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Biochemical Reaction ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractNeurons in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) display hyperpolarisation-gated synaptic plasticity, where inhibition believed to come from cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells can induce long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) of vestibular nerve afferent synapses. This phenomenon is thought to underlie the plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here we present a novel multi-scale computational model, which captures both electrophysiological and biochemical signalling at vestibular nerve synapses on proximal dendrites of the MVN neuron. We show that AMPA receptor phosphorylation at the vestibular synapse depends in complex ways on dendritic calcium influx, which is in turn shaped by patterns of post-synaptic hyperpolarisation and vestibular nerve stimulation. Hyperpolarisation-gated synaptic plasticity critically depends on the activation of LVA calcium channels and on the interplay between CaMKII and PP2B in dendrites of the post-synaptic MVN cell. The extent and direction of synaptic plasticity depend on the strength and duration of hyperpolarisation, and on the relative timing of hyperpolarisation and vestibular nerve stimulation. The multi-scale model thus enables us to explore in detail the interactions between electrophysiological activation and post-synaptic biochemical reaction systems. More generally, this model has the potential to address a wide range of questions about neural signal integration, post-synaptic biochemical reaction systems and plasticity.

scholarly journals ELECTRICAL VESTIBULAR NERVE STIMULATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TENSION HEADACHE

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
SAI SAILESH KUMAR GOOTHY ◽  
SRILATHA GOOTHY ◽  
JASON MCKEOWN
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Single Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mandibular Surgery ◽  
Stimulation Of

Tension headache is the most common type of headache and typically it is described as pain or pressure in the head, scalp, or neck, often associated with localized muscle discomfort. It was hypothesized that stimulation of vestibular nerve may relieve pain. In this single-person study, vestibular nerve stimulation was administered daily for a period of 6 weeks. The participant was an 18 years male with a 4 years history of moderate headache at least once week and with repeated periods of moderate stress. He was under medications; however, the pain was not relieved. Stress levels were measured using DASS 21 scale. Pain was measured using pain scale, autonomic, and cognitive parameters recorded by standard methods. During this study, the participant reported a significant reduction in both the frequency and intensity of headaches and by the end of the 6 weeks of the study, it was noticed that he reduced the usage of pain medication. Autonomic parameters remained within normal limits after the periods of stimulation and cognitive functions were improved. This study suggests that electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve may help to reduce tension headache and highlights the need for larger studies in this area and further exploratory studies in the management of other regional pain such as orofacial pain, dental pain, and management of pain after mandibular surgery.

Excitatory termination of abducens internuclear neurons on medial rectus motoneurons: relationship to syndrome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Highstein ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Medial Rectus ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Abducens Nucleus ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Field potentials and intracellular records were obtained from the medial rectus subdivision of the IIIrd nucleus in anesthetized cats following electrical stimulation of the abducens nuclei, vestibular nerves, pontomedullary brain stem, and the medial longitudinal fasciculi (MLF). 2. Stimulation of the contralateral abducens nucleus produced unique field potentials in the medial rectus subdivision. They consisted of an early sharp transient volley followed by a slower postsynaptic negativity. 3. Monosynaptic EPSPs were evoked in medial rectus motoneurons following contralateral abducens nucleus stimulation. The EPSP amplitudes were graded when the stimulus intensity was increased from threshold to supramaximal. EPSPs produced by contralateral abducens nucleus stimulation were larger in amplitude than those produced by ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation. The current-voltage relationship and reversal potentials for Vi- and abducens-evoked EPSPs were similar and indicated an overlapping location of excitatory synaptic terminals on medial rectus motoneurons. 4. Secondary vestibular axons activated monosynaptically by ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation were not recruited by abducens nucleus stimulation. 5. Ipsilateral MLF stimulation produced EPSPs with similar profiles as those observed following abducens nucleus stimulation; however, stimulation of the contralateral MLF at comparable stimulus intensities did not produce any changes in transmembrane potential. 6. When higher intensity stimuli were applied to the contralateral MLF, the synaptic potentials recorded in the medial rectus were occluded by those produced by weaker stimulation applied to the ipsilateral MLF. This suggests that the potentials resulting from stronger contralateral stimulation were due to current spread to the ipsilateral MLF. 7. While recording in the medial rectus subdivision, various sites in the ponto-medullary brain stem were explored with a stimulating electrode. Analysis of evoked field potentials suggested that the ascending internuclear axons were contained only in the MLF ipsilateral to the medial rectus. Acute brain stem lesions confirmed this suggestion. 8. Chronic lesions were placed in the brain stem to isolate the abducens nucleus from either extrinsic fibers of passage or axon collaterals. Acute electrophysiological experiments in these chronic animals corroborated the suggestion that the medial rectus pathway originated from within the abducens nucleus. 9. We conclude that axons from the internuclear neurons of the abducens nucleus exit from the nucleus medially, cross the midline, ascend in the opposite MLF, and terminate monosynaptically on medial rectus motoneurons. 10. we believe that the syndrome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated clinically with lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus could be due to the absence of ascending physiological activity from internuclear neurons of the abducens nucleus.

Inhibition of abducens motoneurones by vestibular nerve stimulation

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richter ◽  
W. Precht
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Nerve

Emergence of Action Potential Generation and Synaptic Transmission in Vestibular Nucleus Neurons

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Shao ◽  
June C. Hirsch ◽  
Kenna D. Peusner
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Action Potential Generation ◽  
Potential Generation ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Functional Development

Principal cells of the chick tangential nucleus are vestibular nucleus neurons in the hindbrain. Although detailed information is available on the morphogenesis of principal cells and synaptogenesis of primary vestibular fibers, this is the first study of their early functional development, when vestibular terminals emerge at embryonic days 10 and 13 (E10 and E13). At E10, 60% of principal cells generated spikes on depolarization, whereas 50% exhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) on vestibular-nerve stimulation. The frequency was 0.2 Hz for glutamatergic spontaneous EPSCs (sEPSCs) at −60 mV, and 0.6 Hz for spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) at +10 mV and completely GABAergic. All of these synaptic events were TTX-insensitive, miniature events. At E13, 50% of principal cells generated spikes on depolarization and 82% exhibited EPSCs on vestibular-nerve stimulation. The frequency was 0.7 Hz for sEPSCs at −60 mV, and 0.8 Hz for sIPSCs at +10 mV. Most principal cells had sIPSCs composed of both GABAergic (75%) and glycinergic (25%) events, but a few cells had only GABAergic sIPSCs. TTX decreased the frequency of EPSCs by 12%, and the IPSCs by 17%. In summary, at E10, some principal cells generated immature spikes on depolarization and EPSCs on vestibular-nerve stimulation. At E10, GABAergic events predominated, AMPA events had low frequencies, and glycinergic activity was absent. By E13, glycinergic events first appeared. This data were compared systematically to that obtained from the late-term embryo and hatchling to reveal the long-term sequence of changes in synaptic events and excitability and offer a broader understanding of how the vestibular system is assembled during development.

Effect of Leakage Currents on the Formation of Electrical Pulse for the Vestibular Nerve Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228-2234
Author(s):  
V. P. Demkin ◽  
G. Kingma ◽  
S. V. Mel’nichuk ◽  
M. V. Svetlik ◽  
T. V. Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Electrical Pulse ◽  
Leakage Currents

scholarly journals Sacculocollic Reflex Arcs in Cats

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 3003-3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Uchino ◽  
H. Sato ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
M. Imagawa ◽  
H. Ikegami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Postsynaptic Potentials ◽  
Saccular Nerve ◽  
Sacculocollic Reflex

Uchino, Y., H. Sato, M. Sasaki, M. Imagawa, H. Ikegami, N. Isu, and W. Graf. Sacculocollic reflex arcs in cats. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 3003–3012, 1997. Neuronal connections and pathways underlying sacculocollic reflexes were studied by intracellular recordings from neck extensor and flexor motoneurons in decerebrate cat. Bipolar electrodes were placed within the left saccular nerve, whereas other branches of the vestibular nerve were removed in the inner ear. To prevent spread of stimulus current to other branches of the vestibular nerve, the saccular nerve and the electrodes were covered with warm semisolid paraffin-Vaseline mixture. Saccular nerve stimulation evoked disynaptic (1.8–3.0 ms) excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in ipsilateral neck extensor motoneurons and di- or trisynaptic (1.8–4.0 ms) EPSPs in contralateral neck extensor motoneurons, and di- and trisynaptic (1.7–3.6 ms) inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in ipsilateral neck flexor motoneurons and trisynaptic (2.7–4.0 ms) IPSPs in contralateral neck flexor motoneurons. Ipsilateral inputs were about twice as strong as contralateral ones to both extensor and flexor motoneurons. To determine the pathways mediating this connectivity, the lateral part of the spinal cord containing the ipsilateral lateral vestibulospinal tract (i-LVST) or the central part of the spinal cord containing the medial vestibulospinal tracts (MVSTs) and possibly reticulospinal fibers (RSTs) were transected at the caudal end of the C1 segment. Subsequent renewed intracellular recordings following sacculus nerve stimulation indicated that the pathway from the saccular nerve to the ipsilateral neck extensor motoneurons projects though the i-LVST, whereas the pathways to the contralateral neck extensors and to the bilateral neck flexor motoneurons descend in the MVSTs/RSTs. Our data show that sacculo-neck reflex connections display a qualitatively bilaterally symmetrical innervation pattern with excitatory connections to both neck extensor motoneuron pools, and inhibitory connections to both neck flexor motoneuron pools. This bilateral organization contrasts with the unilateral innervation scheme of the utriculus system. These results suggest a different symmetry plane along which sacculus postural reflexes are organized, thus supplementing the reference planes of the utriculus system and allowing the gravistatic system to represent all three translational spatial degrees of freedom. We furthermore suggest that the sacculocollic reflex plays an important role in maintaining the relative position of the head and the body against the vertical linear acceleration of gravity.

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