An Assay to Study Botrytis cinerea-infected Grapevine Leaves Primed with Pseudomonas fluorescens

Although induced systemic resistance (ISR) is well-documented in the context of plant–beneficial bacteria interactions, knowledge about the local and systemic molecular and biochemical defense responses before or upon pathogen infection in grapevine is very scarce. In this study, we first investigated the capacity of grapevine plants to express immune responses at both above- and below-ground levels upon interaction with a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2. We then explored whether the extent of priming state could contribute to the PTA-CT2-induced ISR in Botrytis cinerea–infected leaves. Our data provide evidence that this bacterium colonized grapevine roots but not the above-ground plant parts and altered the plant phenotype that displayed multiple defense responses both locally and systemically. The grapevine roots and leaves exhibited distinct patterns of defense-related gene expression during root colonization by PTA-CT2. Roots responded faster than leaves and some responses were more strongly upregulated in roots than in leaves and vice versa for other genes. These responses appear to be associated with some induction of cell death in roots and a transient expression of HSR, a hypersensitive response-related gene in both local (roots) and systemic (leaves) tissues. However, stilbenic phytoalexin patterns followed opposite trends in roots compared with leaves but no phytoalexin was exuded during plant-bacterium interaction, suggesting that roots could play an important role in the transfer of metabolites contributing to immune response at the systemic level. Unexpectedly, in B. cinerea–infected leaves PTA-CT2-mediated ISR was accompanied in large part by a downregulation of different defense-related genes, including HSR. Only phytoalexins and glutathion-S-transferase 1 transcripts were upregulated, while the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was maintained at a higher level than the control. This suggests that decreased expression of HSR, as a marker of cell death, and activation of secondary metabolism pathways could be responsible for a reduced B. cinerea colonization capacity in bacterized plants.

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Early defence responses induced by two distinct elicitors derived from a Botrytis cinerea in grapevine leaves and cell suspensions

Biologia Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s10535-005-0080-z ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 94-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

V. Repka

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

Defence Responses ◽

Grapevine Leaves

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Photodynamic inactivation of Botrytis cinerea for a safe pest management of grapevine

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21649/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Veronica Ambrosini ◽

Mohammad Issawi ◽

Vincent Sol ◽

Catherine Riou

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Photodynamic Treatment ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogen ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Root Apparatus

Abstract Botrytis cinerea is a necrotic fungal plant pathogen responsible for the gray mold disease on more than 200 crops, including grapevine. Due to its genetic plasticity, this fungus presents a strong resistance to a large spectrum of fungicides. Thus, new fighting strategies against B. cinerea are urgently needed. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) was considered. APDT involves the use of a photosensitizer that generates reactive oxygen species upon illumination. Tetra-4-sulfonatophenyl porphyrin tetra-ammonium (TPPS) was tested on B. cinerea; upon light exposure. 1.5 µM TPPS was shown to completely inhibit mycelial growth. A concentration of 12.5 µM TPPS was tested on three genetic background clones from Chardonnay, Merlot and Sauvignon, grown in vitro for 2 months. Treated root apparatus of the three backgrounds was able to increase thiol production as a molecular protection against photoactivated TPPS, leading to a normal phenotype as compared with control plantlets. Finally, two-month-old grapevine leaves were infected with four-day-old mycelium of B. cinerea pre-incubated or not with TPPS. The pre-treated mycelium was unable to infect the isolated leaves of any of the three grapevine varieties after 72 h growth when subjected to a 16 h photoperiod, contrary to untreated mycelium. These results on fungus, plantlets and Botrytis-grapevine leaves, in contact with a very low concentration of TPPS, suggest a strong potential of photo-treatment against Botrytis mycelium for future agricultural practices in vineyard or other cultures.

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Pseudomonas fluorescens DN16 Enhances Cucumber Defense Responses Against the Necrotrophic Pathogen Botrytis cinerea by Regulating Thermospermine Catabolism

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.645338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Zhu ◽

Nana Qian ◽

Yujun Sun ◽

Xiaoming Lu ◽

Haiming Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Pathogen Infection ◽

Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽

Catabolic Enzymes ◽

Catabolic Genes ◽

Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽

Pathogenesis Related

Plants can naturally interact with beneficial rhizobacteria to mediate defense responses against foliar pathogen infection. However, the mechanisms of rhizobacteria-mediated defense enhancement remain rarely clear. In this study, beneficial rhizobacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DN16 greatly increased the resistance of cucumber plants against Botrytis cinerea infection. RNA-sequencing analyses showed that several polyamine-associated genes including a thermospermine (TSpm) synthase gene (CsACL5) and polyamine catabolic genes (CsPAO1, CsPAO5, and CsCuAO1) were notably induced by DN16. The associations of TSpm metabolic pathways with the DN16-mediated cucumber defense responses were further investigated. The inoculated plants exhibited the increased leaf TSpm levels compared with the controls. Accordantly, overexpression of CsACL5 in cucumber plants markedly increased leaf TSpm levels and enhanced defense against B. cinerea infection. The functions of TSpm catabolism in the DN16-mediated defense responses of cucumber plants to B. cinerea were further investigated by pharmacological approaches. Upon exposure to pathogen infection, the changes of leaf TSpm levels were positively related to the enhanced activities of polyamine catabolic enzymes including polyamine oxidases (PAOs) and copper amine oxidases (CuAOs), which paralleled the transcription of several defense-related genes such as pathogenesis-related protein 1 (CsPR1) and defensin-like protein 1 (CsDLP1). However, the inhibited activities of polyamine catabolic enzymes abolished the DN16-induced cucumber defense against B. cinerea infection. This was in line with the impaired expression of defense-related genes in the inoculated plants challenged by B. cinerea. Collectively, our findings unraveled a pivotal role of TSpm catabolism in the regulation of the rhizobacteria-primed defense states by mediating the immune responses in cucumber plants after B. cinerea infection.

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Grapevine red blotch virus is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper in a circulative, nonpropagative mode with unique attributes

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-21-0061-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madison Flasco ◽

Victoria Hoyle ◽

Elizabeth Cieniewicz ◽

Brandon Roy ◽

Heather McLane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Time Course ◽

Infectious Clone ◽

Virus Titer ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Snap Bean ◽

The Family ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Spissistilus Festinus ◽

Infected Grapevine

The transmission mode of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) by Spissistilus festinus, the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, is unknown. By analogy with other members in the family Geminiviridae, we hypothesized circulative, nonpropagative transmission. Time course experiments revealed GRBV in dissected guts, hemolymph and heads with salivary glands following a 5-, 8- and 10-day exposure to infected grapevines, respectively. After a 15-day acquisition on infected grapevines and subsequent transfer on alfalfa, a non-host of GRBV, the virus titer decreased over time in adult insects, as shown by qPCR. Snap bean proved to be a feeding host of S. festinus and a pseudo-systemic host of GRBV following Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated delivery of an infectious clone. The virus was efficiently transmitted by S. festinus from infected snap bean plants to excised snap bean trifoliates (90%) or grapevine leaves (100%) but less efficiently from infected grapevine plants to excised grapevine leaves (10%) or snap bean trifoliates (67%). Transmission of GRBV also occurred transstadially but not via seeds. The virus titer was significantly higher in guts and hemolymph relative to heads with salivary glands, and in adults emanating from third compared with first instars that emerged on infected grapevine plants and developed on snap bean trifoliates. This study demonstrated circulative, nonpropagative transmission of GRBV by S. festinus with an extended acquisition access period compared with other viruses in the family Geminiviridae and marked differences in transmission efficiency between grapevine, the natural host, and snap bean, an alternative herbaceous host.

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Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea and accumulation of stilbene compounds by light-emitting diodes of grapevine leaves and differential expression of defense-related genes

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-015-0725-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 143 (4) ◽

pp. 753-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Y. Ahn ◽

S. A. Kim ◽

H. K. Yun

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Stilbene Compounds

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HONGOS FITOPATÓGENOS MODULAN LA EXPRESIÓN DE LOS GENES ANTIMICROBIANOS phlD Y hcnC DE LA RIZOBACTERIA Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270

Biotecnia ◽

10.18633/biotecnia.v20i2.609 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 110-116

Author(s):

Julie E. Hernández-Salmerón ◽

Benjamín R. Hernández-Flores ◽

Ma del Carmen Rocha-Granados ◽

Pedro D. Loeza- Lara ◽

Gustavo Santoyo

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Fusarium Solani

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto antagónico de la rizobacteria promotora del crecimiento vegetal Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 hacia los hongos fitopatógenos Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani y Rhizoctonia solani. También, se determinó la expresión de los genes phlD y hcnC de la cepa UM270 en presencia de los fitopatógenos durante bioensayos de antagonismo in vitro. Los resultados muestran que la cepa UM270 logra inhibir el crecimiento del micelio de B. cinerea (45%), F. solani (25%) y R. solani (24%) en diferente grado, mientras que para F. oxysporum (1%) no hubo inhibición significativa. Al analizar la expresión del gen phlD, se observó que los patógenos la modulan diferencialmente, ya que mientras B. cinerea induce su expresión, los demás patógenos la reprimen . En el caso del gen hcnC, B. cinerea y F. oxysporum no afectaron su expresión, mientras que F. solani y R. solani la inhibieron. Estos resultados sugieren que los fitopatógenos pueden modular la expresión de genes importantes para la síntesis de compuestos antimicrobianos en Pseudomonas fluoresces UM270.

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