Photosynthetic Parameters of Virus Infected Grapevine Leaves

1995 ◽  
pp. 3881-3884
Author(s):  
Gy Váradi ◽  
B. Bálo ◽  
E. Papp ◽  
B. Böddi ◽  
D. Polyák
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Infected Grapevine

Grapevine red blotch virus is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper in a circulative, nonpropagative mode with unique attributes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Flasco ◽  
Victoria Hoyle ◽  
Elizabeth Cieniewicz ◽  
Brandon Roy ◽  
Heather McLane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
The Family ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus ◽  
Infected Grapevine

The transmission mode of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) by Spissistilus festinus, the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, is unknown. By analogy with other members in the family Geminiviridae, we hypothesized circulative, nonpropagative transmission. Time course experiments revealed GRBV in dissected guts, hemolymph and heads with salivary glands following a 5-, 8- and 10-day exposure to infected grapevines, respectively. After a 15-day acquisition on infected grapevines and subsequent transfer on alfalfa, a non-host of GRBV, the virus titer decreased over time in adult insects, as shown by qPCR. Snap bean proved to be a feeding host of S. festinus and a pseudo-systemic host of GRBV following Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated delivery of an infectious clone. The virus was efficiently transmitted by S. festinus from infected snap bean plants to excised snap bean trifoliates (90%) or grapevine leaves (100%) but less efficiently from infected grapevine plants to excised grapevine leaves (10%) or snap bean trifoliates (67%). Transmission of GRBV also occurred transstadially but not via seeds. The virus titer was significantly higher in guts and hemolymph relative to heads with salivary glands, and in adults emanating from third compared with first instars that emerged on infected grapevine plants and developed on snap bean trifoliates. This study demonstrated circulative, nonpropagative transmission of GRBV by S. festinus with an extended acquisition access period compared with other viruses in the family Geminiviridae and marked differences in transmission efficiency between grapevine, the natural host, and snap bean, an alternative herbaceous host.

scholarly journals Toward the Identification of Two Glycoproteins Involved in the Stomatal Deregulation of Downy Mildew–Infected Grapevine Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Guillier ◽  
Magdalena Gamm ◽  
Géraldine Lucchi ◽  
Caroline Truntzer ◽  
Delphine Pecqueur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Stomatal Response ◽  
Protein Fractionation ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Infected Grapevine ◽  
Silico Analysis

Stomata remain abnormally opened and unresponsive to abscisic acid in grapevine leaves infected by downy mildew. This deregulation occurs from 3 days postinoculation and increases concomitantly with leaf colonization by the pathogen. Using epidermal peels, we demonstrated that the active compound involved in this deregulation is located in the apoplast. Biochemical assays showed that the active compound present in the apoplastic fluids isolated from Plasmopara viticola–infected grapevine leaves (IAF) is a CysCys bridge-independent, thermostable and glycosylated protein. Fractionation guided assays based on chromatography coupled to stomatal response and proteomic analysis allowed the identification of both plant and pathogen proteins in the active fraction obtained from IAF. Further in silico analysis and discriminant filtrations based on the comparison between predictions and experimental indications lead to the identification of two Vitis vinifera proteins as candidates for the observed stomatal deregulation.

scholarly journals Changes in Carbohydrate Metabolism in Plasmopara viticola-Infected Grapevine Leaves

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gamm ◽  
Marie-Claire Héloir ◽  
Richard Bligny ◽  
Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau ◽  
Sophie Trouvelot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Infected Grapevine

The oomycete Plasmopara viticola is responsible for downy mildew, a severe grapevine disease. In infected grapevine leaves, we have observed an abnormal starch accumulation at the end of the dark period, suggesting modifications in starch metabolism. Therefore, several complementary approaches, including transcriptomic analyses, measurements of enzyme activities, and sugar quantification, were performed in order to investigate and to understand the effects of P. viticola infection on leaf starch and—to a larger extent—carbohydrate metabolism. Our results indicate that starch accumulation is associated with an increase in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activity and modifications in the starch degradation pathway, especially an increased α-amylase activity. Together with these alterations in starch metabolism, we have observed an accumulation of hexoses, an increase in invertase activity, and a reduction of photosynthesis, indicating a source-to-sink transition in infected leaf tissue. Additionally, we have measured an accumulation of the disaccharide trehalose correlated to an increased trehalase gene expression and enzyme activity. Altogether, these results highlight a dramatic alteration of carbohydrate metabolism correlated with later stages of P. viticola development in leaves.

scholarly journals Stomatal deregulation inPlasmopara viticola-infected grapevine leaves

2006 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Allègre ◽  
Xavier Daire ◽  
Marie-Claire Héloir ◽  
Sophie Trouvelot ◽  
Laurence Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Infected Grapevine

An Assay to Study Botrytis cinerea-infected Grapevine Leaves Primed with Pseudomonas fluorescens

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Gruau ◽  
Patricia Trotel-Aziz ◽  
Bas Verhagen ◽  
Sandra Villaume ◽  
Fanja Rabenoelina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Infected Grapevine

Virus interference with trans-plasma membrane activity in infected grapevine leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3345-3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Rinaldelli ◽  
Andrea Luvisi ◽  
Alessandra Panattoni
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Activity ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Infected Grapevine

Photosynthetic and yield traits identified through multivariate analysis in mungbean exhibiting tolerance to the combined stresses of low phosphorus and drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Pandey ◽  
Surendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Gayacharan . ◽  
Madan Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Combined Stresses ◽  
P Content ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Relative Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Component Traits

Experiments were conducted to study the genotypic variability for tolerance to combined stresses of low availability of phosphorus (P) and drought in 14 mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] accessions. The accessions were evaluated under four conditions viz., control (sufficient P, irrigated), low P (without P, irrigated), drought (sufficient P, withholding irrigation) and combined stresses (low P, withholding irrigation). The relative stress tolerance was estimated for 22 agro-physiological traits. The principal component analysis (PCA) and relative stress indices (RSIs) of traits exhibited significant variation among the treatments and accessions. Based on RSIs, the PCA ranking analysis showed that the accessions IC 280489, PDM 139 and IC 76491 were highly ranked and tolerant to low P, drought and combined stresses. The relative increase in component traits such as photosynthetic parameters, relative water content, above-ground biomass, seed P content and number of pods plant–1 were higher while canopy temperature and water use efficiency were reduced in tolerant accessions. In contrast, IPM 2-3 was found to be relatively sensitive to all three treatments. Tolerant accessions may be either included in the breeding program or used directly as cultivar that can be grown under low P and drought.

scholarly journals Effect of Propagation Method and Ploidy Level of Various Rootstocks on the Response of the Common Clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan) to a Mild Water Deficit

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Oustric ◽  
Radia Lourkisti ◽  
Stéphane Herbette ◽  
Raphaël Morillon ◽  
Gilles Paolacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Antioxidant Efficiency ◽  
Diploid Genotype ◽  
Propagation Methods

Current climatic upheavals reduce water availability which impacts the growth and fruit quality of plants. In citrus crops, scion/rootstock combinations are used to ensure high fruit production and quality and a stress tolerance/resistance. Our objective was to assess the effect on the clementine scion (C) under natural mild water deficit of (i) polyploid rootstocks by comparing the allotetraploid FlhorAG1 (C/4xFLs; trifoliate orange + Willowleaf mandarin) with its diploid parents, trifoliate orange (C/2xTOs), and Willowleaf mandarin (C/2xWLs), and with a diploid genotype used as reference (Carrizo citrange, C/2xCCs), (ii) rootstock propagation methods by comparing trifoliate orange seedling (C/2xTOs) with cutting (C/2xTOc). A mild water deficit observed under orchard conditions during the summer period (July–August) induced a significant change in yield (except in C/2xTOs), fruit size, and quality. C/2xCCs, C/2xTOs, and C/2xWLs appeared less affected by water deficit as indicated by their lower reduction of predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), relative water content (RWC), transpiration (E), and photosynthetic parameters (Pnet and gs). Their greater redox balance was probably due to their better antioxidant efficiency. Seedling rootstocks lead to a better adaptation of clementine scions to water deficit than cutting or allotetraploid rootstock. Improving the tolerance to water deficit requires taking into consideration the rootstock genotype, propagation method, and ploidy level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document