scholarly journals Undermining Intrinsic Motivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Lavorata
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Conceptual Learning ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Extrinsic Goal ◽  
Learning And Performance

This paper will examine the possible effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation in Preschool to College students and argue that extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation. The Overjustification hypothesis by self-perception theory, as well as the cognitive evaluation theory (CET) will be discussed, including some of the benefits of self-motivation for learning. Various studies will be explored to show that extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic motivation. Results suggest that students that are offered an extrinsic goal subsequently show less intrinsic interest and demonstrate poorer conceptual learning and performance in the long term. Alternately, students that are regulated by intrinsic motivations experience positive consequences at school. This paper will conclude on the note that intrinsic motivation plays a pivotal role in learning, and that teachers and other social agents can help promote intrinsic goals to motivate conceptual learning and performance, even when students hold a stronger extrinsic goal orientation. Finally, various factors that can enhance and develop intrinsic motivation will be discussed, and suggestions will be provided for further research on this topic.

RE-EVALUATION OR REINFORCEMENT?: A NEW LOOK AT COGNITIVE EVALUATION THEORY

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Rummel ◽  
Richard Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Reinforcement Theory ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
New Look

Cognitive Evaluation Theory was developed to explain the detrimental effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation, a phenomenon contrary to Reinforcement Theory prediction. However, it was suggested that if a person's intrinsic or extrinsic motivational orientation was taken into account, Reinforcement Theory might be able to explain this phenomenon. A 2 (extrinsic x intrinsic motivational orientation) by 2 (competence feedback x controlling feedback) was employed to examine the effect of motivational orientation on intrinsic motivation. Use of the Jonckheere Test of Order suggested that the detrimental effect of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation might be explained within the reinforcement paradigm.

Exploring the Relationship Between Goal Achievement Orientation and Mindfulness in Collegiate Athletics

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Acting With Awareness

Nicholls’ achievement goal theory suggests that a task-oriented individual sets goals based on a desire to master particular skills or tasks (Nicholls, 1984, 1989), thus promoting intrinsic motivation (Duda, Chi, Newton, & Walling, 1995). An ego-oriented individual evaluates one’s own performance against the performance of others with comparable skill sets, basing success on outperforming the opponent (Nicholls, 1984, 1989), resulting in low intrinsic motivation. Cognitive evaluation theory, embraced within self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991), suggests that an event that satisfies an inherent need for competence and autonomy leads to increased intrinsic motivation (Standage, Duda, & Pensgaard, 2005). Similarly, Brown and Ryan (2003) found that trait-mindfulness predicted more autonomous activity in day-to-day life and lower intensity and frequency of negative affect. It was therefore hypothesized that in a population of collegiate athletes, a relationship between mindfulness and goal orientation would exist; athletes higher in task-orientation would be more mindful than athletes higher in ego-orientation. Results indicate that a relationship does in fact exist between the Acting with Awareness subscale of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004) and task-orientation, in that as level of awareness increases, the level of task-orientation also increases. Level of awareness also predicted level of task orientation in athletes. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Exploring the relationship among servant leadership, intrinsic motivation and performance in an industrial sales setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Bande ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ferrín ◽  
Concepción Varela-Neira ◽  
Carmen Otero-Neira
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Adaptive Behaviors ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
And Performance

Purpose – Although servant leadership (SL) improves the overall effectiveness of individuals and teams, it remains understudied. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the mediating mechanisms through which perceived SL affects salespersons’ proactive and adaptive behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered from 145 industrial salespeople and their supervisors across a variety of businesses and sectors in Spain. Findings – SL enhances salespeople’s adaptivity and proactivity by positively affecting their self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, SL directly shapes the development of adaptive behaviors among salespeople, although this direct influence is not significant when considering proactivity. Additionally, the use of outcome-based control mechanisms enhances the positive effects of SL on salespeople’s intrinsic motivation. Practical implications – The results demonstrate that sales managers can promote more proactive and adaptive behaviors among sales staff by recognizing the importance of service and their moral responsibilities to the success of their subordinates. Originality/value – Cognitive evaluation theory was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of perceived SL on two emergent change-oriented behaviors (adaptivity and proactivity) using a matched sample of industrial salespeople from a variety of industries, thus providing a basis for the generalization of results. Moreover, in analyzing the moderating effects of outcome control, the conditions under which SL is more or less effective were examined.

COGNITIVE EVALUATION THEORY: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Rummel ◽  
Richard Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Analytic Review

Rewards have been shown to impair performance of a reinforced behavior. The work surrounding these detrimental effects of rewards has not been met with unanimous support. Does this phenomenon described in Deci's Cognitive Evaluation Theory concerning the detrimental effects of reward exist? Is Deci's Cognitive Evaluation Theory adequate to explain this phenomenon? A meta-analysis was employed to determine the existence of the detrimental effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Results from this analysis showed that within strictly defined parameters the phenomenon defined by Deci exists. Implications from this analysis exemplify researchers' need for closer supervision of the operationalization of variables based on the theoretical framework.

scholarly journals Relationships between developmental feedback, intrinsic motivation, and creative personality and performance

Psihologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Weilin Su ◽  
Bei Lyu ◽  
Manuel London
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Developmental Feedback ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Beijing China

Developmental feedback can motivate employees to take chances and be more creative, at least for employees who interpret feedback as support for new ideas. Drawing on cognitive evaluation theory, we examined relationships between developmental feedback, intrinsic motivation, creative personality (e.g., people who describe themselves as inventive and confident rather than cautious and conservative), and creative performance. We predicted that developmental feedback would contribute to employees? intrinsic motivation and further improve their creative performance, especially those who were high in creative personality. The sample included 215 Chinese employees and their direct supervisors from a big science and technology corporation in Beijing, China. Employees? perceptions of developmental feedback from their supervisor were positively related to employees? ratings of their intrinsic motivation and supervisors? ratings of employees? creative performance. Also, intrinsic motivation of employees mediated the relationship between developmental feedback and their creative performance. These relationships were stronger for employees with a highly creative personality.

Cognitive Evaluation Theory: What nurtures our intrinsic motivation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Thanh Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation

Cognitive Evaluation Theory: What nurtures our intrinsic motivation?

Behavioral Antecedents To Intrinsic Motivation In Capital Equipment Exchange Relationships

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Dahlstrom ◽  
Brett A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Interorganizational Relationships ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Mainframe Computer

<span>This study utilizes cognitive evaluation theory to assess interorganizational relationships. Sales personnels influence strategies and opportunistic behaviors are cast as antecedent to purchasers intrinsic motivation for the exchange. Influence strategies are classified based upon whether sanctions (medicated influence) or information (non-mediated influence) are employed to gain compliance. Ninety-four mainframe computer users reported on their working relationships with multiple marketing personnel. The results suggest that non-mediated influence raises intrinsic motivation while mediated influence and opportunism have a negative impact upon motivation.</span>

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