scholarly journals The Conflict of the Western Sahara: a Wall of Sand and a Wall of Silence

Afrika Focus ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Cordier
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Set Up

For more than a decade the Saharawi people have been fighting for their independence, first against the Spanish colonialists then against Morocco and Mauretania. Although Mauretania has withdrawn from the conflict, the POLISARIO-front, the liberation organisation of the Saharawi people, remains at war with Morocco. The Western Sahara, thus still forms a pole of tension in Northern Africa but the European Press does not pay it much attention. However committees to support the Saharawi people have been trying to break down this wall of silence. An "intergroupe de solidarité avec le peuple sahraoui", set up in the European parliament in May 1986, may constitute a major step towards mobilizing public opinion on the Saharawi case. This article, which gives a chronology of the conflict in its regional context, seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the problems of the Saharawi. KEYWORDS : liberation war, Morocco, occupation, POLISARIO, Western Sahara 

scholarly journals Het Conflict van de Westelijke Sahara : Een Muur van Zand en Een Muur van Stilte

Afrika Focus ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 251-272
Author(s):  
door Geert Cordier
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Set Up

The Conflict of the Western Sahara: A Wall of Sand and a Wall of Silence. For more than a decade the Saharawi people have been fighting for their independence, first against the Spanish colonialists then against Morocco and Mauretania. Although Mauretania has withdrawn from the conflict, the POLISARIO-front, the liberation organisation of the Saharawi people, remains at war with Morocco. The Western Sahara, thus still forms a pole of tension in Northern Africa but the European Press does not pay it much attention. However committees to support the Saharawi people have been trying to break clown this wall of silence. An “intergroupe de solidarité avec le peuple sahraoui”, set up in the European parliament in May 1986, may constitute a major step towards mobilizing public opinion on the Saharawi case. This article, which gives a chronology of the conflict in its regional context, seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the problems of the Saharawi.

scholarly journals Citizens' Attitudes Under Covid19: a cross-country panel survey of public opinion in 11 democracies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brouard Sylvain ◽  
Martial Foucault ◽  
Elie Michel ◽  
Michael Becher ◽  
Pavlos Vasilopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Citizens Attitudes

This article introduces data collected in the Citizens' Attitudes Under Covid-19 Project (CAUCP), which surveyed public opinion throughout the Covid-19 pandemic in 11 countries between March to December 2020. In this paper, we present a unique cross-country panel survey of citizens' attitudes and behaviors during a worldwide unprecedented health, governance, and economic crisis. This dataset allows to examine the behavioral and attitudinal consequences of crisis across time and contexts. In this paper, we describe the set-up of the CAUCP and the main features of the dataset and we present promising research prospects.

The new International Criminal Court: A preliminary assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (325) ◽  
pp. 671-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Roberge
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Major Step ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Institutions

After years of relentless effort and five weeks of intense and difficult negotiations, the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was adopted and opened for signature in Rome on 17 July 1998. This historic event represents a major step forward in the battle against impunity and towards better respect for international humanitarian law. For too long it has been possible to commit atrocities with total impunity, a situation which has given perpetrators carte blanche to continue such practices. The system of repression established by international law clearly has its shortcomings, and the time has come to adopt new rules and set up new institutions to ensure the effective prosecution of international crimes. A criminal court, whether at the national or international level, does not put a stop to crime, but it may serve as a deterrent and, consequently, may help reduce the number of victims. The results achieved in Rome should thus be welcomed, in the hope that the new Court will be able to discharge its mandate to the full.

I controlli sulla circolazione dei prodotti alimentari

2009 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Teresa Babuscio
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Key Words ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
White Spaces ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Set Up

- Food controls are a key issue within the European food safety arena. Since 2002 the legislator is constantly improving the control system in order to better achieve the high safety principles contained in the European regulation n.178 and the network set up in it. Thus, the regulation n. 882/2004 is specifically dedicated to food safety controls: it is the main piece of legislation concerning this aspect as it has been adopted by the co-decisions procedure which involves the European Parliament and the Council. Despite that, it left some "white" spaces to be filled by the implementing measures adopted within the so called comitology procedure in which it is the Commission to act as a co-regulator. The latter is currently implementing art. 15.5. of the regulation n. 882/2004 to set up a system of increased controls for food and feed. Key words: food safety; control system; regulation n. 882/2004.

The Making and Unmaking of a Medieval Library

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Hirschler
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Local Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Book Circulation

This chapter firstly traces the foundation of the Ashrafiya in late Ayyubid Damascus. It argues that the library was set up by two principal patrons one belonging to the political elite (the city’s ruler al-Ashraf) and one belonging to the civilian elite (the prominent secretary and son of al-Qadi al-Fadil). Consequently, it is possible to identify three main regional sources from which the books originated: Rather surprisingly, the plundered former Fatimid palace library in Cairo, Northern Mesopotamia where al-Ashraf had spent his early years and the local context of Damascus. The chapter traces in a second part the subsequent development of the library until its dispersal in the early Ottoman period. This chapter is completed by a brief outline of the subsequent fate of some manuscripts originally held in this library, many of which were taken to Istanbul. The two main arguments of this chapter are thus a) thematic, to see this ‘Islamic’ book collection in its specific regional context and b) methodological, to show in what ways the study of individual manuscript notes can give insights into book circulation.

Article 226 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-John Loewenthal
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Set Up

Article 193 EC In the course of its duties, the European Parliament may, at the request of a quarter of its component Members, set up a temporary Committee of Inquiry to investigate, without prejudice to the powers conferred by the Treaties on other institutions or bodies, alleged contraventions or maladministration in the implementation of Union law, except where the alleged facts are being examined before a court and while the case is still subject to legal proceedings.

Corruption and the Public Service Ethos in Mid-Victorian Administration: The Case of Leonard Horner and the Factory Office*

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (575) ◽  
pp. 860-891
Author(s):  
Ian Cawood
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
The Public ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Abstract While the problem of political corruption in mid-nineteenth century Britain has been much studied, the experience of corrupt behaviour in public bodies, both new and long established, is comparatively neglected. This article takes the example of one of the first inspectorates set up after the Great Reform Act, the Factory Office, to examine the extent of corrupt practices in the British civic state and the means whereby it was addressed. It examines the changing processes of appointment, discipline and promotion, the issues of remuneration and venality, and the relationships between inspectors, workers, factory owners, the government and the wider civil service, and the press and public opinion. The article argues that the changing attitudes of the inspectors, especially those of Leonard Horner, were indicative of a developing ‘public service ethos’ in both bureaucratic and cultural settings and that the work of such unsung administrators was one of the agencies through which corrupt behaviour in the civic structures of Victorian Britain was, with public support, challenged. The article concludes that the endogenous reform of bureaucratic practice achieved by the factory inspectorate may even be of equal significance as that which resulted from the celebrated Northcote–Trevelyan Report of 1854.

scholarly journals Museums and museums: the picture of scientific museums

2003 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. A02
Author(s):  
Marco Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Science Museums ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Science Centres ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

In the field of scientific communication in Europe, science centres have gained increasing importance over the last ten years. Italy, beyond the City of Science in Naples, is also planning the set up of more science centres throughout the country. Their hands-on style makes them something between a museum and a fun fair and, beyond the issue of merit, no doubt the success of many science centres also depends on the fun offered. It is important then to be able to assess to what extent people can actually make use of the proposed themes. This report tries to point out the dialogue opportunities between science museums and people1. A questionnaire has been submitted to two scientific secondary schools in Trent and Busto Arsizio (Varese) as a pilot study in this research. A research of this kind should not limit itself to museums, because public opinion on scientific subjects is also influenced by more popular and widespread media such as newspapers and television. Together with people, museums should therefore also be able to make good use of these media and offer opportunities for investigating and going into detail about given topics that the other media deal with without leaving enough time for thinking them over.

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