scholarly journals Preservative effect of Tetraclinis articulata and Cedrus atlantica wood extractives against fungal decay

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Salhi ◽  
Abdelwahed Fidah ◽  
Mohamed Rahouti ◽  
My Rchid Ismaili ◽  
Bouselham Kabouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Cedrus Atlantica ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Tetraclinis Articulata ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Testing environmentaly-friendly plant essential oils for their ability to protect non-durable wood against wood decay fungi is a research topic of current interest. In this study, wood preservative potential of extracts from the wood of the durable species, Tetraclinis articulata and Cedrus atlantica were assessed on non-durable maritime pine sapwood, Pinus pinaster var atlantica, after exposure to three wood decay fungi, according to the EN 113 Standard. Significant differences were observed between treatment effects of these extracts, between fungal decay levels and between oils concentrations. Overall, mean mass losses of treated wood specimens were above 8%. T. articulata root burl extract gave the best protection level for this type of wood against Gleophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta but only at test concentrations above 0.1%v/v. However, efficacy levels of both extracts’ treatments, applied at the tested concentrations, were judged insufficient on the basis of the NF EN 113 standard used.

Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salt from Rosin and its Inhibition to some Wood Decay Fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Zhi Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Many pine trees could secrete oleo-resin when they were wounded. The oleo-resin was a mixture of turpentine and rosin. After evaporation of volatile turpentine, rosin remained and covered the wound to protect wood from fungi and insects. From this point, rosin protects wood naturally. However, rosin is not bioactive against most wood decay fungi. In this report, a bioactive rosin derivated, quaternary ammonium salt (QAS), was synthesized and its bioactivity against some wood decay fungi was tested. Firstly, the rosin was esterified by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:2, the reaction time of 3.5h at 90°C. The intermediate was 3-rosin acyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl chlorine. Then, the intermediate reacted with demethylamine to produce N-(3-rosin acyloxy- 2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine at the following conditions: their mole ratio of 1:2, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 2.5h. Finally, the N-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine was quaternized by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:1, the reaction time of 3h at 90°C, and the yield was 72.8%. The chemical structure of the product was identified by FTIR and 1H NMR. The QAS content of the product was characterized by gravimetric analysis with sodium tetraphenylborate as its precipitation reagent, and liquid chromatography analysis (LC) analysis. The antifungal activity of the product was determined by paper-disc method with wood decay fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and wood stain fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variot Bainier. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that the QAS of rosin is active to these fungi, especially Gloeophyllum trabeum. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, QAS of rosin could be a potential wood preservative. Further study is planning.

Differential Expression of a Putative Copper Homeostasis CutC Gene in Fibroporia radiculosa During Initial Decay of Copper-Treated Wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
Katie M. Ohno ◽  
Amy B. Bishell ◽  
Glen R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Pinus Spp

Abstract Living organisms require copper for several cellular processes. Yet intracellular concentrations of copper must be regulated to avoid toxicity. Not much is known about mechanisms of copper regulation in wood decay fungi. However, one putative annotation for a copper homeostasis CutC gene (FIBRA_00129), found in other brown-rot wood decay fungi, has been annotated in Fibroporia radiculosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate wood mass loss and differential expression of FIBRA_00129 during initial decay of untreated and copper-treated wood by two copper-tolerant F. radiculosa isolates (FP-90848-T and L-9414-SP) compared with copper-sensitive Gloeophyllum trabeum. Untreated southern pine (Pinus spp.) and ammoniacal copper citrate treated southern pine at three concentrations (0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4%) were used in a 4-week-long standard decay test. Results showed G. trabeum was unable to decay copper-treated wood while both F. radiculosa isolates successfully decayed southern pine at all copper concentrations. G. trabeum and F. radiculosa L-9414-SP showed no detectable FIBRA_00129 expression over the course of this study. F. radiculosa FP-90848-T showed greater FIBRA_00129 downregulation on copper-treated wood than on untreated wood (P = 0.003). Additionally, there was greater FIBRA_00129 downregulation in F. radiculosa FP-90848-T at week 3 compared with other weeks (P = 0.015). Future studies are needed to further evaluate FIBRA_00129 during the decay process to determine its potential role in copper-tolerance.

Fungi colonizing preservative-treated Douglas-fir poles after remedial treatment with fumigants

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Y. Giron ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Fungal Populations

The microfungi present in transmission poles of preservative-treated Douglas-fir remedially treated with one of four fumigants were determined by removing increment cores 5 and 15 years later and culturing them on nutrient media. The microfungi isolated from the wood were then characterized according to their ability to cause a loss in wood weight, to tolerate conventional wood preservatives, and to tolerate wood fumigants. The wood treated with fumigants 5 years earlier was sparsely colonized, while that treated 15 years earlier was colonized more heavily. In general, many of the same species of microfungi occurred in treated and untreated poles. In both, fungal populations were dominated by Scytalidium and Trichoderma spp. None of the isolates caused losses in wood weight greater than 5%, but several exhibited tolerance to short fumigant exposures. The latter trait may help explain the presence of these fungi in wood still containing measurable levels of fumigant. The presence in fumigant-treated wood of fungi previously shown to be antagonistic toward wood decay fungi may help explain the ability of the four test fumigants to provide long-term protection.Key words: fungi, Scytalidium, Trichoderma, colonization, Douglas-fir.

A proposed accelerated field stake test for rapid assessment of wood preservative systems

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor P. Schultz ◽  
Darrel D. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Abstract A ground-contact field test which would yield faster deterioration data when testing new wood preservative systems would be useful. This paper reports on an accelerated field test concept where wood samples are treated with a proposed preservative and a reference system with known efficacy, with the treated samples installed next to ground-contact wood feeder stakes that are already infected with wood decay fungi. This method was employed to compare decay efficacies of wood treated with four copper systems commonly available in the US. Two preliminary short-term studies show that this test method can provide differentiation between preservatives systems after only a short exposure period.

scholarly journals Effects of loblolly pine extract, primary and quaternary alkyl ammonium chlorides combined with burgundy oil from eastern red cedar against subterranean termites and wood-decay fungi

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 893-910
Author(s):  
Fred J. Eller ◽  
Mark E. Mankowski ◽  
Grant T. Kirker ◽  
Gordon W. Selling
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Eastern Red Cedar ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Burgundy oil (BO) from Eastern red cedar provides resistance against termites and wood-decay fungi and is enhanced when combined with an amylose inclusion complex (AIC) containing hexadecylammonium chloride (HAC). Indirect evidence also indicated that a methanol Loblolly pine extract (LPE) was inhibitory against termites. This study compared the effects of HAC and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) combined with LPE and BO on termites and wood-decay fungi. Southern pine was treated by vacuum/pressure impregnation and resistance evaluated after exposure to termites and decay fungi. The combination of BO and either HAC/AIC or DDAC/AIC reduced wood mass losses by termites, increased termite mortality, and inhibited all wood-decay fungi. The HAC/AIC and DDAC/AIC resulted in equivalent mass losses by termites and termite mortalities. The DDAC was slightly more inhibitory than the HAC against wood-decay fungi. Given the slight advantage of DDAC over HAC and because DDAC is currently used to preserve wood, DDAC might be preferred over HAC. The LPE had a very minor effect on mass loss by termites, termite mortality, and only a slight inhibitory effect on G. trabeum and T. versicolor, while R. placenta and I. lacteus were unaffected. Higher concentrations of DDAC and/or LPE might improve protection against termites and wood-decay fungi.

Synthesis and Characterization of BisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N,N dimethylamine

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2197-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yue Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Zhi Jun Chen ◽  
Bing Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Paper Disc

An anti-fungal derivative of rosin was synthesized. First, rosin was modified by acrylic acid and the modified rosin was esterified by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:3 for 3.5h at 90°C. The intermediate was bis 3-rosin acyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl chlorine and the degree of esterification was 98.81%. Then, bisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N,N dimethylamine was made from the intermediate under the following conditions: the intermediate and dimethylamine mole ratio of 1:2, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 2.5h. The chemical structure of the product was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anti-fungal activity of the product was determined by paper-disc method with wood decay fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and wood stain fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variot Bainier. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that bisN-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine is active vs. these fungi, but less effective with Aspergillus niger. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, this product has a promising future as a potential wood preservative.

The effects of subthreshold loadings of tebuconazole, DDAC, and boric acid on wood decay by Postia placenta

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Robinson ◽  
Peter E. Laks
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride

AbstractTebuconazole, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and boric acid are co-biocides frequently added to copper-based wood preservative systems. Although the performance thresholds of these biocides are well known, there is currently little information on the effects of subthreshold loadings of the co-biocides on common wood decay fungi. We tested five strains ofPostia placentaon white pine cubes (Pinus strobus) treated with subthreshold retentions of tebuconazole, DDAC, or boric acid. No stimulatory effects were observed on blocks treated with DDAC or boric acid. Decay stimulation, as measured by weight loss, occurred between loadings of 1.0×10-5to 1.0×10-3 kg m-3on blocks treated with tebuconazole. This effect should be taken into account during the design and use of wood preservative systems containing this fungicide.

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

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