Efficacy of linseed- and tung-oil-treated wood against wood-decay fungi and water uptake

Abstract Living organisms require copper for several cellular processes. Yet intracellular concentrations of copper must be regulated to avoid toxicity. Not much is known about mechanisms of copper regulation in wood decay fungi. However, one putative annotation for a copper homeostasis CutC gene (FIBRA_00129), found in other brown-rot wood decay fungi, has been annotated in Fibroporia radiculosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate wood mass loss and differential expression of FIBRA_00129 during initial decay of untreated and copper-treated wood by two copper-tolerant F. radiculosa isolates (FP-90848-T and L-9414-SP) compared with copper-sensitive Gloeophyllum trabeum. Untreated southern pine (Pinus spp.) and ammoniacal copper citrate treated southern pine at three concentrations (0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4%) were used in a 4-week-long standard decay test. Results showed G. trabeum was unable to decay copper-treated wood while both F. radiculosa isolates successfully decayed southern pine at all copper concentrations. G. trabeum and F. radiculosa L-9414-SP showed no detectable FIBRA_00129 expression over the course of this study. F. radiculosa FP-90848-T showed greater FIBRA_00129 downregulation on copper-treated wood than on untreated wood (P = 0.003). Additionally, there was greater FIBRA_00129 downregulation in F. radiculosa FP-90848-T at week 3 compared with other weeks (P = 0.015). Future studies are needed to further evaluate FIBRA_00129 during the decay process to determine its potential role in copper-tolerance.

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Fungi colonizing preservative-treated Douglas-fir poles after remedial treatment with fumigants

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m89-042 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 283-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Magdalena Y. Giron ◽

Jeffrey J. Morrell

Keyword(s):

Treated Wood ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Wood Preservatives ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Wood Decay Fungi ◽

Fungal Populations

The microfungi present in transmission poles of preservative-treated Douglas-fir remedially treated with one of four fumigants were determined by removing increment cores 5 and 15 years later and culturing them on nutrient media. The microfungi isolated from the wood were then characterized according to their ability to cause a loss in wood weight, to tolerate conventional wood preservatives, and to tolerate wood fumigants. The wood treated with fumigants 5 years earlier was sparsely colonized, while that treated 15 years earlier was colonized more heavily. In general, many of the same species of microfungi occurred in treated and untreated poles. In both, fungal populations were dominated by Scytalidium and Trichoderma spp. None of the isolates caused losses in wood weight greater than 5%, but several exhibited tolerance to short fumigant exposures. The latter trait may help explain the presence of these fungi in wood still containing measurable levels of fumigant. The presence in fumigant-treated wood of fungi previously shown to be antagonistic toward wood decay fungi may help explain the ability of the four test fumigants to provide long-term protection.Key words: fungi, Scytalidium, Trichoderma, colonization, Douglas-fir.

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Determination of decay, larvae resistance, water uptake, color, and hardness properties of wood impregnated with honeybee wax

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.8339-8354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 8339-8354

Author(s):

Çağlar Akçay

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Water Repellent ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Hylotrupes Bajulus ◽

Uptake Test

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of honeybee wax impregnation on the antifungal, larvicidal, water uptake, color, and mechanical properties of wood. Wood samples (poplar, Scots pine, beech, and lime) were impregnated with melted honeybee wax under vacuum. The wax-impregnated samples were exposed to the wood-decay fungi Trametes versicolor and Neolentinus lepideus for 8 weeks. The larvicidal effect of the beeswax was tested against European old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L.). Water uptake, color measurements, and surface hardness were also tested. According to the obtained findings, a 34.6% mass loss was seen in the poplar control wood, and only 3.9% mass loss was found in the 100% beeswax-impregnated samples. The results showed that H. bajulus larvae could digest honeybee wax with wood when beeswax surface treatment was applied. Additionally, an average of 30% larvae mortality rate was achieved on beeswax-treated wood surfaces, compared to a 2.5% rate on the controls. However, when wood was deeply treated with beeswax, larval mortality reached 100%. In the water uptake test, beeswax-treated samples showed water repellent efficiency. The lowest water uptake (24.2%) was obtained in poplar wood treated with 100% beeswax, compared to 92.6% in the poplar control in 96 h immersion time. With the beeswax treatment, a* and b* color values increased, while the L* values decreased.

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Preservative effect of Tetraclinis articulata and Cedrus atlantica wood extractives against fungal decay

Madera y Bosques ◽

10.21829/myb.2020.2632093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Noura Salhi ◽

Abdelwahed Fidah ◽

Mohamed Rahouti ◽

My Rchid Ismaili ◽

Bouselham Kabouchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treated Wood ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Wood Preservative ◽

Fungal Decay ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Cedrus Atlantica ◽

Mass Losses ◽

Tetraclinis Articulata ◽

Wood Decay Fungi

Testing environmentaly-friendly plant essential oils for their ability to protect non-durable wood against wood decay fungi is a research topic of current interest. In this study, wood preservative potential of extracts from the wood of the durable species, Tetraclinis articulata and Cedrus atlantica were assessed on non-durable maritime pine sapwood, Pinus pinaster var atlantica, after exposure to three wood decay fungi, according to the EN 113 Standard. Significant differences were observed between treatment effects of these extracts, between fungal decay levels and between oils concentrations. Overall, mean mass losses of treated wood specimens were above 8%. T. articulata root burl extract gave the best protection level for this type of wood against Gleophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta but only at test concentrations above 0.1%v/v. However, efficacy levels of both extracts’ treatments, applied at the tested concentrations, were judged insufficient on the basis of the NF EN 113 standard used.

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Thermal modification of wax-impregnated wood to enhance its physical, mechanical, and biological properties

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2016-0063 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Miha Humar ◽

Davor Kržišnik ◽

Boštjan Lesar ◽

Nejc Thaler ◽

Aleš Ugovšek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Thermal Modification ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Wood Decay Fungi ◽

Modification Procedure ◽

And Performance

Abstract Thermal modification is the most important commercial modification procedure. Thermally modified (TM) wood has improved durability, but its performance does not meet expectations predominately under moist conditions. To reduce water uptake of TM wood, Norway spruce specimens were treated with suspensions of a natural wax by dipping impregnation (DipI) or by vacuum-pressure impregnation (VPI). Wax-treated specimens were subsequently TM at 185, 200, 215, and 230°C. Control specimens were heated up to 100°C only. Contact angle (CA), short-term and long-term water uptake, bending strength, and performance against wood decay fungi of the resulting material were determined. The results show that a combination of wax treatment and thermal modification have a synergistic effect that considerably improves hydrophobicity, reduces liquid water uptake, slows down water vapor uptake, and improves the resistance against fungal decay of the treated material.

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Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products ◽

10.1007/s00107-021-01689-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cédric Cabral Almada ◽

Mathilde Montibus ◽

Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽

Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽

Gilles Labat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Wood Decay Fungi

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Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b85-040 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 337-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elmer L. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Spore Germination ◽

Germ Tube ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Wood Decay ◽

White Rot ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Aliphatic Acids ◽

Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

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The role of wood decay fungi in the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of the forest floor

Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511550522.008 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 151-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Sarah Watkinson ◽

Dan Bebber ◽

Peter Darrah ◽

Mark Fricker ◽

Monika Tlalka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Floor ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Nitrogen Dynamics ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Wood Decay Fungi ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics

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Bioconversion of Heptachlor Epoxide by Wood-Decay Fungi and Detection of Metabolites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.29 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 29-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peng Fei Xiao ◽

Toshio Mori ◽

Ryuichiro Kondo

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Heptachlor Epoxide ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Epoxide Ring ◽

Limited Information ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Wood Decay Fungi ◽

Metabolic Products ◽

Phlebia Brevispora

Although heptachlor epoxide is one of the most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that cause serious environmental problems, there is very limited information of the biodegradation of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms, and no systematic study on the metabolic products and pathway of endrin by microorganisms has been conducted. Wood-decay fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organopollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, 18 wood-decay fungi strains of genus Phlebia were investigated for their ability to degrade heptachlor epoxide, and Phlebia acanthocystis, Phlebia brevispora, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia aurea removed about 16, 16, 22 and 25% of heptachlor epoxide, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. Heptachlor diol and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were detected in these fungal cultures as metabolites by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), suggesting that the hydrolysis reaction in the epoxide ring and substitution of chlorine atom with hydroxyl group in C1 position occur in bioconversion of heptachlor epoxide by selected wood-decay fungi, respectively. This is the first report describing the metabolites of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms.

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Host-exclusivity and host-recurrence by wood decay fungi (Basidiomycota - Agaricomycetes) in Brazilian mangroves

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/0102-33062017abb0130 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 566-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Georgea S. Nogueira-Melo ◽

Paulo J. P. Santos ◽

Tatiana B. Gibertoni

Keyword(s):

Wood Decay ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Wood Decay Fungi

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