Cost Reduction Effect Produced by Original SPD (Supply, Processing and Distribution) System

Taking Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2007 to 2018 as research samples, this paper studies the relationship between green corporation social responsibility (CSR) and financing cost of Chinese companies by means of moderating effect and multiple regression analysis. It is found that, for companies, the better the performance of green social responsibility, the lower the financing cost. However, it is also found that for companies with different pollution degrees and natures of property rights, the financing cost reduction effects due to green social responsibility are quite different. Compared with low-polluting companies, the financing cost reduction effect arisen by green CSR will be weakened for high-polluting companies. Compared with private companies, the financing cost reduction effect from green CSR will also be weakened for state-owned companies. To sum up, the research results of this paper show that there is a significant saving effect on financing cost for companies undertaking green CSR, and companies’ characteristics of pollution degree and property right can regulate the impact of green CSR on financing cost. The conclusion of this paper can encourage companies to take green social responsibility actively and reduce the cost of financing.

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The Economic Impact of E-Commerce in Singapore

Handbook of Research on Innovation and Development of E-Commerce and E-Business in ASEAN - Advances in Electronic Commerce ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4984-1.ch011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193-218

Author(s):

Mun Heng Toh

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Cost Reduction ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Aggregate Demand ◽

Value Added ◽

Nobel Laureate ◽

Econometric Analysis ◽

Input Output ◽

Sales Revenue ◽

Reduction Effect

The economic impact of e-commerce in Singapore is measured via three channels: (1) aggregate demand stimulative effect of capital investment, (2) the productivity effect resulting from capital investment, and (3) of the price and cost reduction effect associated with the productive use of e-commerce transactions. Using input-output technique pioneered by Nobel laureate W. Leontief, and econometric analysis, it finds that e-commerce in Singapore accounts for S$35.5 billion of output (or sales revenue) and S$7.9 billion of value-added in 2018. These are respectively equivalent to 2.8% of the nation gross output and 1.7% of the annual GDP. E-commerce has supported more than 68,500 jobs and stimulated the formation of about 758 new company formation in the year. The value-added contribution by e-commerce is projected to grow from S$7.9 billion in 2018 to S$10.1 billion in 2020 and further to S$28.1 billion in 2030. As a percentage of GDP, e-commerce accounts for about 1.7% of GDP in 2018, and this proportion is expected to increase to 1.9% in 2020 and further to 3.5% in 2030.

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Cost reduction effect on running costs in ISMS based on sensors

2015 IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) ◽

10.1109/gcce.2015.7398669 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Shoichi Yoneda ◽

Shigeaki Tanimoto ◽

Michio Shimomura ◽

Hiroyuki Sato ◽

Atsushi Kanai

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Reduction Effect

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Do Foldable Containers Enhance Efficient Empty Container Repositioning under Demand Fluctuation?—Case of the Pacific Region

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4730

Author(s):

Zirui Liang ◽

Ryuichi Shibasaki ◽

Yuji Hoshino

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Empty Container ◽

Scenario Analyses ◽

The Pacific ◽

Empty Container Repositioning ◽

Empty Containers ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

The Cost

This study considers the empty container repositioning problem of shipping companies that use standard and 3-in-1 foldable containers with more advanced designs. A mathematical model is developed to compare the total management costs of container repositioning of various patterns in different cargo shipping demand scenarios. Numerous scenario analyses and simulations of empty container repositioning were conducted, focusing on a liner shipping service in the Pacific Islands where empty containers are likely to be present because of the imbalance between inbound and outbound flows of containers, including static analysis and consecutive analysis with demand fluctuation in different approaches. Results show that with the introduction of foldable containers, depending on the growth rate of container cargo shipping demand, the total management costs of empty container repositioning can be reduced. However, introducing a large number of foldable containers may increase the total management costs of container repositioning. Moreover, the cost reduction effect of adding another containership increases in cases where future cargo shipping demand increases substantially. Furthermore, the introduction of foldable containers not only effectively reduces the management costs of empty containers, but also makes costs more stable and predictable.

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NIGHT DELIVERIES AND CARRIER-LED CONSOLIDATION STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE URBAN GOODS DISTRIBUTION

Transport ◽

10.3846/transport.2018.6058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 930-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miquel Estrada ◽

José-Magín Campos-Cacheda ◽

Francesc Robusté

Keyword(s):

Analytical Model ◽

Distribution System ◽

Cost Reduction ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Decision Makers ◽

External Effects ◽

Continuous Approximations

Night distribution and consolidation strategies have been proposed in many cities to increase the efficiency of the urban goods distribution system and to reduce the external effects that it causes in terms of emissions. However, the deployment of these initiatives presents a new reallocation of costs and incomes among collaborative stakeholders that take part in. In this paper, an analytical model to estimate the new economic effects caused by these strategies on the involved agents is presented, based on continuous approximations. This model allows decision makers to estimate the transportation cost and emissions savings that will be obtained by each strategy as well as the range of retailer demand in which these strategies are not economically feasible. The results show that night distribution generally outperforms the carrier cost reduction and emissions savings, especially when large vehicles are used in night periods.

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