Effects of Exercise Training on Physical Activity in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

AbstractPhysical exercise, when practiced regularly and in adequate doses, is a proven nonpharmacological measure that helps to prevent and reverse noncommunicable diseases, as well as reduce mortality rates from any cause. In general, older adults perform insufficient physical activity and do not meet the doses recommended by the World Health Organization for the improvement of health through physical activity. However, there is little evidence on adequate doses of exercise in older people, especially in those with multimorbidity. Our main aim was to evaluate the effect of a 6-week intervention on health-related outcomes (body composition, hemodynamic and functionality changes) in 24 individuals aged 65 and older with multimorbidity in a randomized controlled trial. The intervention consisted of a very low volume (60 min per week) of low-to-moderate intensity exercise training (perception of effort from 3 to 6 on an 11-point scale). After the intervention, blood pressure was significantly (p = 0.038) reduced in the exercise group (EG), with a higher reduction in men. Furthermore, the EG decreased their waist circumference (p = 0.005), a proxy of abdominal adiposity, and demonstrated an increased likelihood (73%) that a randomly selected change in muscle mass score from the EG would be greater than a randomly selected change score from the control group. The exercise intervention was particularly effective in enhancing the functionality of older adults with multimorbidity, especially in walking speed and balance skills. Perceptually regulated intensity during exercise training seemed to be a very interesting strategy to train individuals with low physical fitness and comorbidities. This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 04842396).

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EXERCISE TRAINING INCREASES DAILY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN JAPANESE OLDER PEOPLE. (RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL)

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200105001-01303 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. S231

Author(s):

K Fujita ◽

R Nagatomi ◽

T Ohkubo ◽

M Saito ◽

N Irie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Older People ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Effects of an Individualized Exercise Program Plus Behavioral Change Enhancement Strategies for Managing Fatigue in Older People Who Are Frail: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzz130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 1616-1627

Author(s):

Justina Y W Liu ◽

Patrick P K Kor ◽

Paul L Lee ◽

Wai T Chien ◽

Parco M Siu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Older People ◽

Behavioral Change ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

General Fatigue ◽

Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Although the evidence suggests that general fatigue is a strong indicator of rapid aging, frailty, and disability, general fatigue is undertreated in gerontological care. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether an individualized exercise program with and without behavioral change enhancement (BCE) strategies for older people who are frail and have general fatigue will reduce their fatigue and symptoms of frailty. Design A 3-arm, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03394495) will be conducted. Setting The study will be conducted in a community setting. Participants Two hundred eighty-five community-dwelling older people with general fatigue will be recruited from 12 district community health centers. Intervention People from each center will be randomized to one of three groups. The combined group will receive a 16-week combined intervention consisting of individualized exercise training and the BCE program, plus two booster sessions at 2 and 6 months after the program. The exercise group will receive exercise training and health talks only. The control group will receive health talks only. Measurements Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, at the midpoint (week 8) of the program, and then at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months after the end of the program. The primary outcome---level of fatigue---will be measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Secondary outcomes will include the participants’ frailty status, strength, mobility, exercise self-efficacy, and habitual physical activity. Limitations A self-reported level of fatigue will be used. Conclusions The effect of exercise and BCE strategies on general fatigue among older people who are frail is not known. This study will be a pioneering interventional study on how general fatigue among older people who are frail can be managed and how fatigue-related frailty can be prevented or minimized.

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Effect of Telephone Counseling on Physical Activity for Low-Active Older People in Primary Care: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01203.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 986-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Gregory S. Kolt ◽

Grant M. Schofield ◽

Ngaire Kerse ◽

Nick Garrett ◽

Melody Oliver

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary Care ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Older People ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Telephone Counseling ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Is Physical Activity Counseling Effective for Older People? A Cluster Randomized, Controlled Trial in Primary Care

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00466.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1951-1956 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Ngaire Kerse ◽

C. Raina Elley ◽

Elizabeth Robinson ◽

Bruce Arroll

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary Care ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Older People ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Physical Activity Counseling ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Activity Counseling ◽

Cluster Randomized

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Exercise Training as a Treatment for Cardiometabolic Risk in Sedentary Adults: Are Physical Activity Guidelines the Best Way to Improve Cardiometabolic Health? The FIT-AGEING Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8122097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2097 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete ◽

Alejandro De-la-O ◽

Lucas Jurado-Fasoli ◽

Borja Martinez-Tellez ◽

Jonatan R. Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Middle Aged Adults

This 12-week randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of different training modalities on cardiometabolic risk in sedentary, middle-aged adults, and examines whether alterations in cardiometabolic risk are associated with changes in those health-related variables that are modifiable by exercise training. The study subjects were 71 middle-aged adults (~54 years old; ~50% women) who were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: (1) no exercise (control group), (2) concurrent training based on international physical activity recommendations (PAR group), (3) high intensity interval training (HIIT) group, or (4) HIIT plus whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT+EMS group). A cardiometabolic risk score was calculated based on the International Diabetes Federation’s clinical criteria. A significant reduction in cardiometabolic risk was observed for all exercise training groups compared to the control group (all p < 0.05), which persisted after adjusting potential confounders (all p < 0.05). However, the HIIT+EMS group experienced the most significant reduction (p < 0.001). A significant inverse relationship was detected between the change in lean mass and the change in cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.045). A 12-week exercise training programs-especially the HIIT+EMS program-significantly reduced cardiometabolic risk in sedentary, middle-aged adults independent of sex, age, and cardiorespiratory fitness.

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