scholarly journals Thigh Circumference and Diabetes: Obesity as a Potential Effect Modifier

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keum Ji Jung ◽  
Heejin Kimm ◽  
Ji Eun Yun ◽  
Sun Ha Jee
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Potential Effect Modifier

scholarly journals Which Exercise for Low Back Pain? (WELBack) trial predicting response to exercise treatments for patients with low back pain: a validation randomised controlled trial protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042792
Author(s):  
Luciana G Macedo ◽  
Paul W. Hodges ◽  
Geoff Bostick ◽  
Mark Hancock ◽  
Maude Laberge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Graded Activity ◽  
Potential Effect Modifier

IntroductionExercise therapy is the most recommended treatment for chronic low back pain (LBP). Effect sizes for exercises are usually small to moderate and could be due to the heterogeneity of people presenting with LBP. Thus, if patients could be better matched to exercise based on individual factors, then the effects of treatment could be greater. A recently published study provided evidence of better outcomes when patients are matched to the appropriate exercise type. The study demonstrated that a 15-item questionnaire, the Lumbar Spine Instability Questionnaire (LSIQ), could identify patients who responded best to one of the two exercise approaches for LBP (motor control and graded activity). The primary aim of the current study isill be to evaluate whether preidentified baseline characteristics, including the LSIQ, can modify the response to two of the most common exercise therapies for non-specific LBP. Secondary aims include an economic evaluations with a cost-effectiveness analysis.Methods and analysisParticipants (n=414) will be recruited by primary care professionals and randomised (1:1) to receive motor control exercises or graded activity. Participants will undergo 12 sessions of exercise therapy over an 8-week period. The primary outcome will be physical function at 2 months using the Oswestry Disability Index. Secondary outcomes will be pain intensity, function and quality of life measured at 2, 6 and 12 months. Potential effect modifiers will be the LSIQ, self-efficacy, coping strategies, kinesiophobia and measures of nociceptive pain and central sensitisation. We will construct linear mixed models with terms for participants (fixed), treatment group, predictor (potential effect modifier), treatment group×predictor (potential effect modifier), physiotherapists, treatment group×physiotherapists and baseline score for the dependent variable.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethics approval from the Hamilton Integrate Research Ethics Board. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04283409.

Review: Coffee drinking: The rationale for treating it as a potential effect modifier of carcinogenic exposures

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Porta ◽  
J. Vioque ◽  
D. Ayude ◽  
J. Alguacil ◽  
M. Jariod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
Potential Effect Modifier

scholarly journals Donor Death Category Is an Effect Modifier Between Cold Ischemia Time and Post-transplant Graft Function in Deceased-Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Luo ◽  
Zhanwen Dong ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Zuofu Tang ◽  
Jinhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cold Ischemia Time ◽  
Cold Ischemia ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Ischemia Time ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Donation After Brain Death ◽  
Circulatory Death

Objectives: We aimed to analyze the effect of cold ischemia time (CIT) on post-transplant graft function through mixed-effect model analysis to reduce the bias caused by paired mate kidneys.Methods: We reviewed all kidney transplantation records from 2015 to 2019 at our center. After applying the exclusion criteria, 561 cases were included for analysis. All donor characteristics, preservation and matching information, and recipient characteristics were collected. Transplant outcomes included delayed graft function (DGF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Generalized linear mixed models were applied for analysis. We also explored potential effect modifiers, namely, donor death category, expanded criteria donors, and donor death causes.Results: Among the 561 cases, 79 DGF recipients developed DGF, and 15 recipients who died after surgery were excluded from the eGFR estimation. The median stable eGFR of the 546 recipients was 60.39 (47.63, 76.97) ml/min/1.73 m2. After adjusting for confounding covariates, CIT had a negative impact on DGF incidence [odds ratio = 1.149 (1.006, 1.313), P = 0.041]. In the evaluation of the impact on eGFR, the regression showed that CIT had no significant correlation with eGFR [β = −0.287 (−0.625, 0.051), P = 0.096]. When exploring potential effect modifiers, only the death category showed a significant interaction with CIT in the effect on eGFR (Pinteraction = 0.027). In the donation after brain death (DBD) group, CIT had no significant effect on eGFR [β = 0.135 (−0.433, 0.702), P = 0.642]. In the donation after circulatory death/donation after brain death followed by circulatory death (DCD/DBCD) group, CIT had a significantly negative effect on eGFR [β= −0.700 (−1.196, −0.204), P = 0.006]. Compared to a CIT of 0–6 h, a CIT of 6–8 or 8–12 h did not decrease the post-transplant eGFR. CIT over 12 h (12–16 h or over 16 h) significantly decreased eGFR. With the increase in CIT, the regenerated eGFR worsened (Ptrend = 0.011).Conclusion: Considering the effect of paired mate kidneys, the risk of DGF increased with prolonged CIT. The donor death category was an effect modifier between CIT and eGFR. Prolonged CIT did not reduce the eGFR level in recipients from DBDs but significantly decreased the eGFR in recipients from DCDs/DBCDs. This result indicates the potential biological interaction between CIT and donor death category.

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