Association of Free Sugar Intake Estimated Using a Newly-Developed Food Composition Database With Lifestyles and Parental Characteristics Among Japanese Children Aged 3–6 Years: DONGuRI Study

Abstract The influence of free sugar intake on nutrient intake remains unclear in Japanese children and adolescents with relatively low free sugar intake. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between free sugar and selected nutrient intakes using data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, based on the WHO recommendations (<5 % or <10 % of energy (%E)) for free sugar intake. A 1-d weighed dietary record was assessed in Japanese children and adolescents (aged 1–19 years; n 2919). Mean intakes for selected nutrients and food groups were compared according to free sugar intake categories (<2·5 %E, 2·5 to <5 %E, 5 to <10 %E and ≥10 %E) with adjustment for sex, age and weight status. Inverse associations were observed between intakes of free sugars and twenty-one of twenty-four micronutrients assessed, except for vitamins A and C and Ca. Significantly reduced intakes were identified for twenty-two and fourteen micronutrients in the ≥10 %E and 5 to <0 %E categories, respectively, compared with the lower categories. Mean micronutrient intakes at the <2·5 %E category did not differ from those at the 2·5 to <5 %E category. Free sugar intake had positive associations with intakes of sugars and jams, confectioneries, fruit and vegetable juices, and soft drinks and negative associations with intakes of pulses and nuts and vegetables. This study showed that nutrient dilution was associated with higher free sugar intake among Japanese children and adolescents. The findings suggest that the WHO recommendations might help prevent nutrient dilution in Japanese children and adolescents.

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Estimating free and added sugar intakes in New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.12830840.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

R Kibblewhite ◽

A Nettleton ◽

R McLean ◽

J Haszard ◽

E Fleming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Food Composition ◽

World Health ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Sugar Intake

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The reduction of free or added sugar intake (sugars added to food and drinks as a sweetener) is almost universally recommended to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases and dental caries. The World Health Organisation recommends intakes of free sugars of less than 10% of energy intake. However, estimating and monitoring intakes at the population level is challenging because free sugars cannot be analytically distinguished from naturally occurring sugars and most national food composition databases do not include data on free or added sugars. We developed free and added sugar estimates for the New Zealand (NZ) food composition database (FOODfiles 2010) by adapting a method developed for Australia. We reanalyzed the 24 h recall dietary data collected for 4721 adults aged 15 years and over participating in the nationally representative 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey to estimate free and added sugar intakes. The median estimated intake of free and added sugars was 57 and 49 g/day respectively and 42% of adults consumed less than 10% of their energy intake from free sugars. This approach provides more direct estimates of the free and added sugar contents of New Zealand foods than previously available and will enable monitoring of adherence to free sugar intake guidelines in future.

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Estimating free and added sugar intakes in New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.12830840 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

R Kibblewhite ◽

A Nettleton ◽

R McLean ◽

J Haszard ◽

E Fleming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Food Composition ◽

World Health ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Sugar Intake

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The reduction of free or added sugar intake (sugars added to food and drinks as a sweetener) is almost universally recommended to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases and dental caries. The World Health Organisation recommends intakes of free sugars of less than 10% of energy intake. However, estimating and monitoring intakes at the population level is challenging because free sugars cannot be analytically distinguished from naturally occurring sugars and most national food composition databases do not include data on free or added sugars. We developed free and added sugar estimates for the New Zealand (NZ) food composition database (FOODfiles 2010) by adapting a method developed for Australia. We reanalyzed the 24 h recall dietary data collected for 4721 adults aged 15 years and over participating in the nationally representative 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey to estimate free and added sugar intakes. The median estimated intake of free and added sugars was 57 and 49 g/day respectively and 42% of adults consumed less than 10% of their energy intake from free sugars. This approach provides more direct estimates of the free and added sugar contents of New Zealand foods than previously available and will enable monitoring of adherence to free sugar intake guidelines in future.

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Associations between Free Sugar and Sugary Beverage Intake in Early Childhood and Adult NAFLD in a Population-Based UK Cohort

Children ◽

10.3390/children8040290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Ahlia Sekkarie ◽

Jean A. Welsh ◽

Kate Northstone ◽

Aryeh D. Stein ◽

Usha Ramakrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Population Based ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sugar Intake ◽

Sugary Beverages ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

(1) Background: High sugar intake is prevalent among children and is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study is to determine if a high intake of free sugars and sugary beverages (SB) in childhood is associated with NAFLD in adulthood; (2) Methods: At 24 years, 3095 participants were assessed for severe hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter >280 dB/m) and had dietary data collected via a food frequency questionnaire at age three years. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for total energy intake, potential confounders, and a mediator (offspring body mass index (BMI) at 24 years); (3) Results: Per quintile increase of free sugar intake association with severe hepatic steatosis at 24 years after adjusting for total energy was odds ratio (OR):1.07 (95% CL: 0.99–1.17). Comparing the lowest vs. the highest free sugar consumers, the association was OR:1.28 (95% CL: 0.88–1.85) and 1.14 (0.72, 1.82) after full adjustment. The OR for high SB consumption (>2/day) compared to <1/day was 1.23 (95% CL: 0.82–1.84) and OR: 0.98 (95% CL: 0.60–1.60) after full adjustment; (4) Conclusions: High free sugar and SB intake at three years were positively but weakly associated with severe hepatic steatosis at 24 years. These associations were completely attenuated after adjusting for confounders and 24-year BMI.

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Estimation of total, added and free sugar intakes in Japanese adults using a newly developed food composition database

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665117003585 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (OCE4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Fujiwara ◽

K. Murakami ◽

K. Asakura ◽

K. Uechi ◽

S. Masayasu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Composition ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Japanese Adults

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Estimation of Starch and Sugar Intake in a Japanese Population Based on a Newly Developed Food Composition Database

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101474 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1474 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Aya Fujiwara ◽

Kentaro Murakami ◽

Keiko Asakura ◽

Ken Uechi ◽

Minami Sugimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Age Groups ◽

Food Composition ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Food Sources ◽

Sugar Intake ◽

Dietary Record ◽

The Mean ◽

Age And Sex

Due to a lack of a food composition database on starch and sugars, we developed a comprehensive database on starch and seven types of sugars in commonly consumed foods (n = 2222) in Japan. Dietary record data of 368 toddlers (aged 18–35 months), 376 preschool children (aged 3–6 years), 915 schoolchildren (aged 8–14 years) and 392 adults (aged 20–69 years) were used. The mean starch intake ranged from 55.6 g/day (female toddlers) to 206.0 g/day (male schoolchildren). Irrespective of age and sex, >50% of starch was provided by rice and grains. The mean total sugar intake ranged from 46.1 g/day (female toddlers) to 68.7 g/day (male schoolchildren). In all age and sex groups, the major contributors of total sugar included sucrose (mean: 18.2–34.0 g/day), glucose (7.8–13.1 g/day), lactose (5.3–13.1 g/day) and fructose (7.6–11.1 g/day). The top food sources were dairy products (toddlers) and confectionaries (other age groups) for total sugar, confectionaries for sucrose, fruits (toddlers) and vegetables (other age groups) for glucose, dairy products for lactose and fruits (toddlers and preschool children) and vegetables (schoolchildren and adults) for fructose. In conclusion, this study clarified the starch and sugar intake in Japan and provides a foundation for future research.

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Reducing free sugar intake

Dental Abstracts ◽

10.1016/j.denabs.2017.09.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 15-17

Keyword(s):

Free Sugar ◽

Sugar Intake

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Impact of a nutrition education programme on free sugar intake & nutrition-related knowledge in fifth-grade schoolchildren

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa219 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eva Winzer ◽

Maria Wakolbinger ◽

Manuel Schätzer ◽

Karin Blagusz ◽

Anita Rieder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Education Programme ◽

Health Impact ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Public Health Impact ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Sugar Intake ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background The objective was to evaluate a 5-week nutrition education programme (ACTION) in fifth-grade schoolchildren in Austria on free sugar intake, nutrition-related knowledge (NRK) and with the RE-AIM framework on the overall public health impact. Methods A prospective case-controlled cohort (pre–post design) from seven secondary schools in Vienna tested programme efficacy. NRK was assessed with a 20-item questionnaire and dietary behaviour and free sugar intake with a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. A total of 12 intervention classes (IG) received the programme, conducted by teachers and integrated in the curriculum, and 6 control classes followed their usual curriculum. Results In 344 children, aged 10.4 (0.8) years, free sugar intake decreased significantly over time in IG by 13% (P=0.001) with a group difference of −10.1 (95% CI −18.8, −1.5; P=0.021) g/day. The food groups ‘sweets & pastries’, ‘soft drinks’, ‘fast food’ and ‘salty snacks’ mainly contributed to this reduction. Moreover, NRK increased significantly over time in IG with a group difference of 9.0% of correct answers (95% CI 5.8, 12.2; P<0.001; Cohen’s d 0.57). The programme was disseminated to 10% of fifth-grade classrooms in Austrian secondary schools and to 12% in Vienna. Conclusions The ACTION programme shows potential for public health impact with improving dietary behaviour as free sugar intake, NRK, and its dissemination. It required a minimum of money per schoolchild as the programme was conducted by teachers and was integrated in the curriculum.

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