265 Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy has already been established as a treatment for muscle noninvasive bladder cancer. Although there are several reports indicating the effectiveness of BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS), it is not well established yet. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the long-term outcome of BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract CIS. Methods: Twenty-six subjects (20 male, 6 female) who received BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract CIS from December 1997 to December 2011 were enrolled. Ten subjects had the entire urinary tract CIS, seven had bilateral, nine had unilateral CIS of the urinary tract. The average period of observation was 52.6 months (ranging from 5 to 156 months), and the average subject age was 73.6 years (ranging from 56 to 90 years). We used a double-J catheter for 17 cases, a transvesical single-J catheter whose curl was positions in an upper calyx for eight cases, and a straight ureteral catheter inserted for ureterocutaneostomy for one case. We used 80 mg of BCG for the first five cases, 40 mg for the late twenty-one cases. Urine cytology was performed to assess the treatment validity. Results: Of the 26 cases, the treatment protocol was completed in 21 cases. Urine cytology tests became negative in 22 of the 26 subjects (84.6%) who underwent upper urinary tract perfusion. Among these 22 subjects who had negative tests, five subjects had a recurrence in their upper urinary tracts. Side effects were observed in 25 subjects (96.5%), and the most common side effect was bladder irritation. Localized renal tuberculosis which was successfully treated with conservative therapy was seen in two cases. Conclusions: BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract CIS is active. However, severe side effects are possible, and careful observation is essential while using this therapy.
Upper urinary tract draining in acute gestational pyelonephritis: What for? When? For how long?
