OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: 1. To assess feasibility (efficacy, safety, acceptability) of the menstrual cup for managing urinary incontinence among women with obstetric fistula 2. To examine pre-implementation facilitators and barriers (including appropriateness) among additional stakeholders METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Sequential explanatory mixed methods study whereby repeated measures clinical trial results are explained by subsequent interviews with additional women with OF on coping and stigma and other stakeholders on perceptions of fistula self-management. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 32 patients screened, 11 were eligible (100% consent rate). At baseline, mean (±SD) leakage in ml was 63.2 (±49.2) (95% CI: 30.2-96.3) over two hours, while the mean leakage over two hours of use of the cup was 16.8 (±16.5) (95% CI: 5.7-27.9). The mean difference of 46.4 (±52.1) ml with use of the cup (95% CI: 11.4-81.4) was statistically significant (p = 0.02). With the cup, women experienced an average 61.0% (±37.4) (95% CI: 35.9-86.2) leakage reduction, a difference 10/11 users (91.0%) perceived in reduced leakage. One participant, reporting four previous surgical attempts, experienced a 78.7% leakage reduction. Acceptability was high–women could easily insert (8/11), remove (8/11), and comfortably wear (11/11) the cup and most (10/11) would recommend it. No adverse effects attributable to the intervention were observed on exam, although some women perceived difficulties with insertion and removal. Data collection tools were appropriate with slight modification advised. Interviews highlighted that women were already using various active coping and resistance strategies but lacked access to tools to support coping. Additional stakeholders reported the innovation was a simple, low-cost device that is an appropriate fit with ongoing fistula programming. Pre-implementation facilitators include the clear relative advantage to existing self-management strategies, the potential to build upon existing partnerships to implement, and a tension for change to address surgical gaps. Barriers included additional stakeholder’s perceptions of low user acceptability and appropriateness in some cases and the need for additional study data to inform decision making for practice and policy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The innovation is efficacious, acceptable, adds to current coping strategies, and fits within existing fistula programs. Stakeholders’ pre-implementation perceptions highlight the importance of partnerships and the need for an evidence base related to effectiveness, acceptability, and cost. Challenges to address include access to resources within these contexts (water, soap, and safe space to empty cup) and development of a culturally appropriate counseling message. Future research warranted.
A smartphone app to support self-management of daytime urinary incontinence in adolescents: development and formative evaluation of URApp (Preprint)
