scholarly journals Blood Glucose Monitoring and Sharing Amongst People With Diabetes and Their Facilitators: Cross-sectional Study of Methods and Practices

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/29178 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e29178
Author(s):  
Amr Jamal ◽  
Shabana Tharkar ◽  
Weam Saleh Babaier ◽  
Shrooq Faisal Alsomali ◽  
Allulu Saad Alsulayhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Digital Devices

Background The last two decades have witnessed a burgeoning rise in the prevalence of diabetes globally. It has already reached epidemic proportions in Saudi Arabia, with reported high risk among women. As a result, diabetes monitoring and self-management programs are being highly prioritized for diabetes control and management. Objective To investigate measuring and sharing practices of the self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes using insulin. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 203 patients attending primary care clinics at a tertiary care center. The questionnaire assessed the measuring, recording, and sharing of SMBG practices of patients having diabetes with their physicians. The methods used for recording and sharing were categorized into paper-based and electronic-based. In addition, the determinants of the different methods used and frequency of sharing were analyzed. Results The overall monitoring prevalence was 95% (193/203), and 57% (117/203) of participants shared the SMBG results. Among the 193 individuals that performed self-monitoring, 138 (72%) performed daily monitoring, and 147 (76%) recorded their blood sugar levels. Almost 55% (81/147) used paper-based materials like notebooks and paper for recording, while the rest (66/147, 45%) used digital devices like laptops and smartphones. A shift towards the use of digital devices and smart applications was observed in patients below 50 years of age. The digitally recorded blood glucose measurements were being shared thrice more often than the recordings made on paper or in notebooks (OR [odds ratio] 2.8; P=.01). Patients >50 years of age (OR 2.3; P=.02), with lesser formal education, married (OR 4.2; P<.001), with smaller family size (OR 2.6; P=.01), having type 2 diabetes (OR 4.1; P<.001) and any comorbid conditions (OR 2.6; P=.01) were associated with higher odds of using paper-based sharing methods. Only the female gender and type 2 diabetes were associated with increased frequency of sharing, while uncontrolled diabetes, the presence of other comorbidities, and duration of diabetes did not show any influence. Conclusions Good monitoring and optimal sharing practices were found. Sharing using electronic devices can be emphasized. Diabetes self-management programs can incorporate the use of digital technology in training sessions. Digital literacy and its applications in health care may enhance SMBG practices resulting in better diabetes control.

Blood Glucose Monitoring and Sharing Amongst People With Diabetes and Their Facilitators: Cross-sectional Study of Methods and Practices (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Jamal ◽  
Shabana Tharkar ◽  
Weam Saleh Babaier ◽  
Shrooq Faisal Alsomali ◽  
Allulu Saad Alsulayhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Digital Devices

BACKGROUND The last two decades have witnessed a burgeoning rise in the prevalence of diabetes globally. It has already reached epidemic proportions in Saudi Arabia, with reported high risk among women. As a result, diabetes monitoring and self-management programs are being highly prioritized for diabetes control and management. OBJECTIVE To investigate measuring and sharing practices of the self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes using insulin. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 203 patients attending primary care clinics at a tertiary care center. The questionnaire assessed the measuring, recording, and sharing of SMBG practices of patients having diabetes with their physicians. The methods used for recording and sharing were categorized into paper-based and electronic-based. In addition, the determinants of the different methods used and frequency of sharing were analyzed. RESULTS The overall monitoring prevalence was 95% (193/203), and 57% (117/203) of participants shared the SMBG results. Among the 193 individuals that performed self-monitoring, 138 (72%) performed daily monitoring, and 147 (76%) recorded their blood sugar levels. Almost 55% (81/147) used paper-based materials like notebooks and paper for recording, while the rest (66/147, 45%) used digital devices like laptops and smartphones. A shift towards the use of digital devices and smart applications was observed in patients below 50 years of age. The digitally recorded blood glucose measurements were being shared thrice more often than the recordings made on paper or in notebooks (OR [odds ratio] 2.8; <i>P</i>=.01). Patients >50 years of age (OR 2.3; <i>P</i>=.02), with lesser formal education, married (OR 4.2; <i>P</i><.001), with smaller family size (OR 2.6; <i>P</i>=.01), having type 2 diabetes (OR 4.1; <i>P<</i>.001) and any comorbid conditions (OR 2.6; <i>P</i>=.01) were associated with higher odds of using paper-based sharing methods. Only the female gender and type 2 diabetes were associated with increased frequency of sharing, while uncontrolled diabetes, the presence of other comorbidities, and duration of diabetes did not show any influence. CONCLUSIONS Good monitoring and optimal sharing practices were found. Sharing using electronic devices can be emphasized. Diabetes self-management programs can incorporate the use of digital technology in training sessions. Digital literacy and its applications in health care may enhance SMBG practices resulting in better diabetes control.

scholarly journals Predictors of self-monitoring of blood glucose among noninsulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110661
Author(s):  
Wing-hang Mak ◽  
Rebecca Wing-man Lau
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Monitoring

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between patient characteristics (internal psychological, external psychological, internal physical, external physical, and educational) and self-monitoring of blood glucose among noninsulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in a local primary care setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, in which data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Correlational and multivariate multiple regression analyses were performed. Three hundred seventy-four noninsulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were eligible and completed the questionnaire in August 2019. The response rate was 93.5%. The respondents’ self-reported self-monitoring of blood glucose adherence was the main outcome measure. Results: In predicting self-monitoring of blood glucose adherence, the current regression model accounted for 12.3% of the variance (Adjusted R2 = 0.123, p < 0.05), with internal psychological factors and educational factors being significant. External psychological factors, external physical factors, and internal physical factors were found to be statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the facilitating role of internal psychological factors and educational factors in SMBG adherence in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Among these factors, the education aspect was relatively strongly associated with increased SMBG adherence. With adequate patient education on diabetes and SMBG, the increased literacy would possibly strengthen patients’ internal psychological factors and motivate them to uptake SMBG practice. Implications from the current findings suggested that further research on different SMBG parameters is warranted to fill the knowledge gap in structuring an individualized and targeted SMBG protocol for better diabetic care.

The association of food insecurity with diabetes control and self-care in diabetes type 2 patients: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Mohammadi ◽  
Seyyed Abolghasem Djazayeri ◽  
Asal Ataie Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Food insecurity can increase risks of health and nutritional problems, leading to difficulties in self-care and poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. This study assessed food insecurity and its association with diabetes control and self-care in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods In this cross sectional study, 148 adults with type 2 diabetes participated. Food insecurity and self-care were determined using the 18-item USDA household food security status questionnaire and self-care (SDSCA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression tests (SPSS 20 software). Results Thirty-seven percent of the participants were food-insecure and significantly more likely than food-secure participants to have poor glycemic control (OR = 3.02; CI: 1.45–2.65). No significant association was found between food-insecurity and overall self-care score. Conclusion Food-insecurity was directly associated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Since economic status was significantly better in the food-secure group, it can be postulated that financial problems will eventually lead to poor glycemic control. Policy strategies to increase access to diabetes-appropriate foods may reduce socioeconomic inequalities in glycemic control.

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