Improving the Youth HIV Prevention and Care Continuums: The Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and clinical information in the United States indicate that HIV transmission and acquisition among adolescents and young adults (youth) remain unchanged, without improvement. Interventions to prevent HIV transmission among youth are critically needed, as are interventions to improve adherence to all components of the continuum of care for youth living with HIV. OBJECTIVE The primary mission of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) is to conduct both independent and collaborative research that explores promising behavioral, microbicidal, prophylactic, therapeutic, and vaccine modalities in HIV-infected and at-risk youth aged between 12 and 24. METHODS Through the ATN, the National Institutes of Health is supporting HIV interventional research for youth in the United States. RESULTS The ATN comprises 3 cooperative multiproject research programs and a coordinating center. Each program is led by a network hub and has well-defined research themes to assist, guide, and coordinate HIV research project activities. CONCLUSIONS ATN activities encompass the full spectrum of research needs for youth, from HIV primary prevention for at-risk youth in the community to secondary and tertiary prevention with clinical management of HIV infection among youth living with HIV experiencing adherence challenges. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/12050

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Research Priorities to End the Adolescent HIV Epidemic in the United States: Viewpoint

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/22279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e22279

Author(s):

M Isabel Fernandez ◽

Gary W Harper ◽

Lisa B Hightow-Weidman ◽

Bill G Kapogiannis ◽

Kenneth H Mayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Research Priorities ◽

The United States ◽

Mobile Technologies ◽

Adolescent Medicine ◽

Care Providers ◽

Hiv Epidemic ◽

Youth Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Youth represent 21% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. Gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) youth, particularly those from communities of color, and youth who are homeless, incarcerated, in institutional settings, or engaging in transactional sex are most greatly impacted. Compared with adults, youth have lower levels of HIV serostatus awareness, uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and adherence. Widespread availability of ART has revolutionized prevention and treatment for both youth at high risk for HIV acquisition and youth living with HIV, increasing the need to integrate behavioral interventions with biomedical strategies. The investigators of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) completed a research prioritization process in 2019, focusing on research gaps to be addressed to effectively control HIV spread among American youth. The investigators prioritized research in the following areas: (1) innovative interventions for youth to increase screening, uptake, engagement, and retention in HIV prevention (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis) and treatment services; (2) structural changes in health systems to facilitate routine delivery of HIV services; (3) biomedical strategies to increase ART impact, prevent HIV transmission, and cure HIV; (4) mobile technologies to reduce implementation costs and increase acceptability of HIV interventions; and (5) data-informed policies to reduce HIV-related disparities and increase support and services for GBT youth and youth living with HIV. ATN’s research priorities provide a roadmap for addressing the HIV epidemic among youth. To reach this goal, researchers, policy makers, and health care providers must work together to develop, test, and disseminate novel biobehavioral interventions for youth.

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Research Priorities to End the Adolescent HIV Epidemic in the United States: Viewpoint (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.22279 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M Isabel Fernandez ◽

Gary W Harper ◽

Lisa B Hightow-Weidman ◽

Bill G Kapogiannis ◽

Kenneth H Mayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Research Priorities ◽

The United States ◽

Mobile Technologies ◽

Adolescent Medicine ◽

Care Providers ◽

Hiv Epidemic ◽

Youth Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

UNSTRUCTURED Youth represent 21% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. Gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) youth, particularly those from communities of color, and youth who are homeless, incarcerated, in institutional settings, or engaging in transactional sex are most greatly impacted. Compared with adults, youth have lower levels of HIV serostatus awareness, uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and adherence. Widespread availability of ART has revolutionized prevention and treatment for both youth at high risk for HIV acquisition and youth living with HIV, increasing the need to integrate behavioral interventions with biomedical strategies. The investigators of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) completed a research prioritization process in 2019, focusing on research gaps to be addressed to effectively control HIV spread among American youth. The investigators prioritized research in the following areas: (1) innovative interventions for youth to increase screening, uptake, engagement, and retention in HIV prevention (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis) and treatment services; (2) structural changes in health systems to facilitate routine delivery of HIV services; (3) biomedical strategies to increase ART impact, prevent HIV transmission, and cure HIV; (4) mobile technologies to reduce implementation costs and increase acceptability of HIV interventions; and (5) data-informed policies to reduce HIV-related disparities and increase support and services for GBT youth and youth living with HIV. ATN’s research priorities provide a roadmap for addressing the HIV epidemic among youth. To reach this goal, researchers, policy makers, and health care providers must work together to develop, test, and disseminate novel biobehavioral interventions for youth.

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Heterogeneity in the costs of medical care among people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0000000000002220 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1491-1500 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Enns ◽

Emanuel Krebs ◽

William C. Mathews ◽

Richard D. Moore ◽

Kelly A. Gebo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Medical Care ◽

The United States ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Dancing in the Street: Impacting At-Risk Youths’ Lives through the Arts

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1177/0731121420911906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 516-518

Author(s):

Sharon Kantorowski Davis

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

At Risk ◽

Lower Class ◽

The United States ◽

At Risk Youth ◽

Ethnic Communities ◽

Community Dance ◽

Limited Success ◽

The Arts ◽

Collaborative Art

In the United States, youth involvement in delinquent and criminal acts remains persistent and increasingly violent. For at-risk youth, key demographics include poverty and distressed communities. Since traditional interventions have had limited success in addressing the needs of and issues experienced by these youths, millennials must seek new and creative techniques and programs to serve them. One such program that currently exists and provides inspiration for the future is Destiny Arts Youth Performance Company, a nonprofit, community dance group based in Oakland, CA, that offers competitive scholarships to deserving, at-risk youth in lower class, largely ethnic communities. In the ethnographic documentary, FREE: The Power of Performance, the lives of five at-risk youths are affected and transformed through the creative medium of dance. It shows that for at-risk, diverse teens, collaborative art can be a foundation for personal strength, liberation, and hope.

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Sociocultural Factors Influencing The Transmission of HIV/AIDS in The United States

10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Robert E Fullilove

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Correctional Facility ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

This chapter discusses the unique impact that social disadvantage in general and the criminal justice systems in the United States in particular have on the conditions that drive the HIV/AIDS epidemic in this country. HIV/AIDS is classified as an important racial/ethnic health disparity because residents of marginalized black and Hispanic communities are overrepresented among persons living with HIV/AIDS in the United States. Members of black and Hispanic communities are also overrepresented in the criminal justice; in terms of the epidemic, approximately one out of seven persons living with HIV/AIDS will pass through a U.S. correctional facility in any given year. A history of incarceration is associated with poor treatment outcomes for HIV illness. Improving the quality of HIV care in correctional facilities and in the communities to which incarcerated persons will return is imperative, as is effective interventions in incarcerated populations and communities. Having AIDS activists, scientists, and healthcare workers join in efforts to reform incarceration policies and practices will improve efforts to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, particularly in communities that confront high rates of HIV/AIDS and incarceration.

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Homelessness and HIV Transmission

10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kimberly Livingstone ◽

Daniel B. Herman ◽

Naomi Adler ◽

Ezra S. Susser

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

The United States ◽

Homeless Persons ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Hiv Aids

Homelessness is associated with both poorer health and higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Recent research suggests that with growing availability of antiretroviral therapy and the expansion of housing alternatives for chronically homeless persons, HIV is no longer a leading cause of death among the homeless. Nonetheless, HIV prevalence is significantly higher among homeless persons than among their housed counterparts. This chapter examines the association between HIV/AIDS and homelessness in the United States. After providing a brief overview of homelessness and the characteristics of specific homeless subpopulations, we discuss HIV prevalence, transmission, treatment and prevention among people who are homeless in the United States.

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New to the United States: Care for foreign-born people living with HIV/AIDS

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e664162010-002 ◽

2010 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Partner Notification for Youth Living With HIV in 14 Cities in the United States

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0000000000001565 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jacob J. van den Berg ◽

Marjan Javanbakht ◽

Pamina M. Gorbach ◽

Bret J. Rudy ◽

Andrew O. Westfall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Partner Notification ◽

The United States ◽

Youth Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Advances in the prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS among women in the United States

Infectious Disease Reports ◽

10.4081/idr.2011.2362 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nadine E. Chen ◽

Jaimie P. Meyer ◽

Sandra A. Springer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hiv Prevention ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Risk Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Political Support ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Hiv Aids

Despite recent advances in testing and treatment, the incidence of HIV/AIDS in the United States has remained stagnant with an estimated 56,300 new infections every year. Women account for an increasing proportion of the epidemic. The vulnerability of women to HIV stems from both increased biologic susceptibility to heterosexual transmission and also the social, economic, and structural disadvantages they often confront. This review describes the main reasons for the increased vulnerability of U.S. women to HIV transmission with particular emphasis on specific high-risk groups including: non-Hispanic blacks, women who use drugs, women with a history of incarceration, and victims of intimate partner violence. Although behavioral approaches to HIV prevention may be effective, pragmatic implementation is often difficult, especially for women who lack sociocultural capital to negotiate condoms with their male partners. Recent advances in HIV prevention show promise in terms of female-initiated interventions. These notably include female condoms, non-specific vaginal microbicides, and antiretroviral oral and vaginal pre-exposure prophylaxis. In this review, we will present evidence in support of these new female-initiated interventions while also emphasizing the importance of advocacy and the political support for these scientific advances to be successful.

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