Edukacja partycypacyjna źródłem inspiracji w procesie resocjalizacji nieletnich

The article contains considerations on the selected aspects of participatory education model in the process of juvenile rehabilitation. The background of the considerations is the regularities of cognitive and emotional development, as well as the process of shaping human identity in the period of adolescence. The use of the natural aspirations and needs of adolescents, reflected in the model of participatory education (in its values and methods), has become the basis for considerations regarding the implementation of this model in the process of juvenile rehabilitation (run in the conditions of a correctional facility).

Epidemiology of mumps outbreaks and the impact of an additional dose of MMR vaccine for outbreak control in regional Queensland, Australia, 2017–2018

Background In recent years, there have been ongoing outbreaks of mumps reported in Northern and North-Western Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory, Australia. We aimed to define the epidemiology of mumps outbreaks in Central Queensland, Australia between October 2017 and October 2018 and evaluate the effectiveness of an additional dose of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted, including outbreak investigations with laboratory-confirmed cases of mumps and subsequent comparison with matched controls. We analysed mandatory notifications from the Queensland Health Notifiable Conditions System database and immunisation information from the Queensland Health Vaccination Information and Admin System (VIVAS) and the Australian Immunisation Register. Results Between October 2017 and October 2018, there were 93 cases of mumps reported in Central Queensland with three distinct outbreaks: a discrete Indigenous community; a correctional facility; and a boarding school. Among all cases, 74 (79.6%) were fully vaccinated and 14 (15.1%) were partially vaccinated with MMR vaccine. Eighty-six cases (92.5%) were reported among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. In all outbreaks, an additional dose of MMR vaccine was offered with 35.4%, 73.6% and 35.8% of the target population being immunised in the discrete Indigenous community, the correctional facility and the boarding school, respectively. Prior to this additional dose of MMR, the mumps attack rate was 31.0 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 24.2–39.0) per 1000 population, compared to the post-additional dose MMR attack rate of 10.6 (95% CI: 6.7–15.9) per 1000 population. Conclusion An additional or booster dose of MMR should be included as an effective public health intervention strategy, particularly in communal or high-density living conditions to control mumps outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations.

Peran Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dalam Memenuhi Hak Narapidana Perempuan Hamil dan Pasca Melahirkan

The correctional system is a coaching effort carried out in correctional institutions in Indonesia, the guidance is intended for inmates who commit criminal acts and are sentenced to prison. In the coaching process, the inmates are protected and nurtured by correctional officers and their rights are protected as citizens. The purposes of this study are to reveal the rights of pregnant and postnatal female prisoners in the correctional facility as well as the implementation of granting the rights of pregnant and postnatal women inmates to women's prisons class II A Kerobokan. The research method used is empirical legal research with a sociological juridical approach. The technique of collecting legal materials is obtained directly through respondents or sources. Primary and secondary sources of legal materials were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. This study concludes that prisons have an important role in protecting and fulfilling the rights of prisoners themselves, especially pregnant and postpartum women, the protection of these rights is intended so that they receive humane treatment in prisons.

Exploring the Effects of Organizational Structure Variables on the Organizational Justice Perceptions of Correctional Staff

Research examining the effect of organizational justice on the correctional environment is typically limited to its consequences on various outcomes. Absent from this body of literature is how perceptions of organizational justice are formed among correctional staff. Filling this void and using data from a Midwestern correctional facility, the current study examines the impact of instrumental communication, integration, formalization, and input into decision-making on the distributive and procedural justice perceptions of correctional staff. With the exception of integration, all organizational structure variables were significantly related to both forms of organizational justice. These findings offer correctional administrators a low cost and practical solution for enhancing organizational justice through organizational structure.

Changes in the Risk of Sexual Reoffending: The Role and Relevance of Perceived Self-Efficacy and Adult Attachment Styles in Correctional Treatment

According to the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model, treatment effectiveness increases when treatment addresses all three associated core principles. While researchers have focused on the risk and need principles, responsivity remains under-investigated. The theoretical foundation of the RNR model and former research indicates low perceived self-efficacy and inadequate adult attachment styles as potential responsivity factors that can impede treatment of the underlying risk factors. This study assesses firstly whether these factors predict treatment attrition, and secondly changes in the assessed risk of sexual reoffending. Participants were N = 146 men sentenced for sexual offences in a German social-therapeutic correctional facility. Younger age, higher number of previous convictions, and higher scores on the interpersonal facet of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised are associated with a higher risk of treatment attrition. Unemployment prior to incarceration was found to be an aggravating factor, whereas substance abuse emerged as a mitigating factor, according reducing the risk of reoffending. Neither pre-treatment self-efficacy nor attachment styles revealed as responsivity factors in this study. Future studies should examine if the consideration of these factors during treatment might impact treatment outcomes.

Genomic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolated during a correctional facility outbreak of MRSA in 2004

Background: In 2004–2005, an outbreak of impetigo occurred at a correctional facility during a sentinel outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Alberta, Canada. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to characterize the group A Streptococcus (GAS) isolates and evaluate whether genomic biomarkers could distinguish between those recovered alone and those co-isolated with S. aureus. Methods: Superficial wound swabs collected from all adults with impetigo during this outbreak were cultured using standard methods. NGS was used to characterize and compare all of the GAS and S. aureus genomes. Results: Fifty-three adults were culture positive for GAS, with a subset of specimens also positive for MRSA ( n = 5) or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus ( n = 3). Seventeen additional MRSA isolates from this facility from the same time frame (no GAS co-isolates) were also included. All 78 bacterial genomes were analyzed for the presence of known virulence factors, plasmids, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Among the GAS isolates were 12 emm­ types, the most common being 41.2 ( n = 27; 51%). GAS genomes were phylogenetically compared with local and public datasets of invasive and non-invasive isolates. GAS genomes had diverse profiles for virulence factors, plasmids, and AMR genes. Pangenome analysis did not identify horizontally transferred genes in the co-infection versus single infections. Conclusions: GAS recovered from invasive and non-invasive sources were not genetically distinguishable. Virulence factors, plasmids, and AMR profiles grouped by emm­­ type, and no genetic changes were identified that predict co-infection or horizontal gene transfer between GAS and S. aureus.

Aerosol SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and long-term care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Few studies have quantified aerosol concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and long-term care homes, and fewer still have examined samples for viability. This information is needed to clarify transmission risks beyond close contact. Methods We deployed particulate air samplers in rooms with COVID-19 positive patients in hospital ward and ICU rooms, rooms in long-term care homes experiencing outbreaks, and a correctional facility experiencing an outbreak. Samplers were placed between 2 and 3 meters from the patient. Aerosol (small liquid particles suspended in air) samples were collected onto gelatin filters by Ultrasonic Personal Air Samplers (UPAS) fitted with <2.5μm (micrometer) and <10 μm size-selective inlets operated for 16 hours (total 1.92m3), and with a Coriolis Biosampler over 10 minutes (total 1.5m3). Samples were assayed for viable SARS-CoV-2 virus and for the viral genome by multiplex PCR using the E and N protein target sequences. We validated the sampling methods by inoculating gelatin filters with viable vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and with three concentrations of viable SARS-CoV-2, operating personal samplers for 16hrs, and quantifying viable virus recovery by TCID50 assay. Results In total, 138 samples were collected from 99 rooms. RNA samples were positive in 9.1% (6/66) of samples obtained with the UPAS 2.5μm samplers, 13.5% (7/52) with the UPAS 10μm samplers, and 10.0% (2/20) samples obtained with the Coriolis samplers. Culturable virus was not recovered in any samples. Viral RNA was detected in 15.1% of the rooms sampled. There was no significant difference in viral RNA recovery between the different room locations or samplers. Method development experiments indicated minimal loss of SARS-CoV-2 viability via the personal air sampler operation.