scholarly journals Effect of magnesium hydroxide as cigarette paper filler to reduce cigarette smoke toxicity

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Smoke Toxicity ◽  
Paper Filler ◽  
Cigarette Paper

The Control of Cigarette Smoke Deliveries Using Heat-Shrinkable Films

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Crellin ◽  
G. O. Brooks ◽  
H. G. Horsewell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Puff Volume ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
High Degree

AbstractA ventilating filter for cigarettes has been developed which reduces the delivery of smoke constituents from the final two to three puffs. Since the normaI delivery for these three puffs can account for up to half the total particulate matter and nicotine delivered by the whole cigarette, usefuI reductions per cigarette can be produced. The ventilating filter consists of cellulose acetate tow wrapped in heat-shrinkable film and attached to a tobacco rod using perforated tipping paper. When the cigarette is smoked, the perforations remain closed by contact with the impermeable film until transfer of heat to the filter is sufficient to soften the filter tow and shrink the film. Ventilating air now enters the cigarette and reduces the smoke deliveries. The effectiveness of the ventilating filter is increased by using films which have a low shrink temperature, high shrink tension and a high degree of biaxiaI shrinkage. Increases in filter plasticiser level, tipping perforation area and puff volume improve the effectiveness of the ventilating filter but increases in cigarette paper porosity and tobacco butt length reduce the effectiveness

Insights from a multi-year program designed to test the impact of ingredients on mainstream cigarette smoke toxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Gaworski ◽  
Karl A. Wagner ◽  
Michael J. Morton ◽  
Michael J. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Smoke Toxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Comparative 13-week cigarette smoke inhalation study in Sprague–Dawley rats: Evaluation of cigarettes with two banded cigarette paper technologies

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia H. Theophilus ◽  
W. Keith Shreve ◽  
Paul H. Ayres ◽  
Charles D. Garner ◽  
Deborah H. Pence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cigarette Paper

scholarly journals Composition of Cigarette Smoke: Effects of Ammonium Sulfamate in Cigarette Paper

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Michelson ◽  
G. Rathkamp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ammonium Sulfamate ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
Nicotine Yield

AbstractTreatment of cigarette paper with ammonium sulfamate was found to cause changes in the composition of cigarette smoke, in the concentrations of components of both the gas and particulate phases. The concentrations of several polycyclic hydrocarbons were reduced by over 25 %, though benzo[a]pyrene was virtually unchanged. The concentrations of two nitrosamines were also reduced more than 25 %, while indole and skatole concentrations were reduced about 15 %. Among the gas phase components, acetaldehyde, acrolein and formaldehyde were reduced about 20 %; only carbon monoxide was moderately increased. Since these tests explored only small segments of the spectrum of cigarette smoke components, it is not known which of the observed reductions, if any, contributed to the reduction of biological activity of the smoke of treated cigarettes reported by Bock et al. (8). The tests indicate only that the nature of the smoke has been modified in several respects. The tar and nicotine yield of the treated cigarette was higher than that of the control cigarette, but this can be compensated for by reducing the diameter or length of tobacco rod available to be smoked

scholarly journals On the Chemistry of Cigar Smoke: Comparisons between Experimental Little and Large Cigars

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
lrwin Schmeltz ◽  
Klaus D. Brunnemann ◽  
Dietrich Hoffmann ◽  
Alan Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Paper

AbstractComparative data have been presented and evaluated on levels of various constituents in five different cigar tobaccos and in the smoke they generate when made into little and Iarge cigars. Generally the large cigars deliver a significantly lower level of mainstream smoke particulates such as TPM, nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene, when compared to the little cigars. On a per cigar basis, however, large cigars (as opposed to Iittle cigars) deliver substantially higher levels of CO and other gas phase constituents. A higher delivery of ammonia by large cigars is noted in the sidestream smoke. When little cigars are wrapped in cigarette paper, the major effects are lower levels of CO (reduced by 50 %). Cigar smoke can be distinguished from cigarette smoke on the basis of pH characteristics, ammonia and CO levels. Future studies should be concerned with establishing the material balance for components in mainstream and sidestream smoke of Iittle cigars and large cigars.

A study of cigarette smoke and cigarette paper smoke alone

1957 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Rand ◽  
S.Z. Cardon ◽  
E.T. Alvord ◽  
Ahmed Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Paper

scholarly journals The Quantitative Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Cigarette Smoke/Die quantitative Bestimmung von Kohlenmonoxid im Tabakrauch

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
A . J. Kruszynski ◽  
A. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Quantitative Bestimmung ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Yield ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Content

AbstractCarbon monoxide is found in the gas phase of cigarette smoke in relatively high quantities. In the present study a quantitative method for the determination of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke by gas chromatography was used. The construction of a calibration line by means of carbon monoxide produced in the laboratory is indicated and the experimental procedure is described. Furthermore the relation between the carbon monoxide content in smoke and different parameters of the test cigarettes is evaluated. The carbon monoxide content in the smoke of various tobacco blends is determined. An increase of the carbon monoxide content in the smoke is observed after the extraction of sugars from the tobacco. The carbon monoxide content increased from puff to puff when the cigarettes were smoked. Cigarette weight had no influence on carbon monoxide in the smoke. This applies also to the humidity of the tobacco, the acetate filters and the carbon filters. Puff volume and the perforation of cigarette paper, however, influenced the carbon monoxide yield considerably.

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