Isothermal PFR/PMR Networks

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra S Waghmare ◽  
Arun S Moharir
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Network Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Kinetic Schemes ◽  
Multiple Reactions ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Mixed Reactor ◽  
Reactor Network

Combinations of Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) and continuous Perfectly Mixed Reactor (PMR, also known as Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor - CSTR) are widely known to give superior performance over a single reactor especially when multiple reactions take place in the reactor. The occurrence of a PMR in an optimal reactor network requires presence of inflection condition in the space of variables describing the reactor objective. The mathematical equation for inflection of multi-dimensional trajectories is derived and applied to five cases of well-known models of kinetic schemes. The previously known results are confirmed or improved upon by applying the technique. A general algorithm for PFR/PMR network synthesis for arbitrary kinetic models is presented.

scholarly journals Simulating Trambouze reaction for a series reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amizon Azizan ◽  
Nornizar Anuar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Flow Rate Influence

Simulating the existing data on Trambouze reaction is compiled in this article. The objective of the work is to present the change of volumetric flow rate and the inlet concentration of key reactant A in a series continuous stirred tank reactor-plug flow reactor (CSTR-PFR) configurations. The volumetric flow rate does not affect selectivity and conversion for a constant volumetric flow rate operating condition, entering CSTR and PFR, at a specific concentration of reactant. The CSTR-PFR series reactor configuration is proposed for the aim of maximizing the selectivity of the desired product B in comparison to the undesired products X and Y. CSTR as the first reactor is capable to achieve the maximum conversion at the highest selectivity of A. PFR is then proposed after CSTR in a configuration of CSTR-PFR, to allow higher conversion value to be achieved for the resulted outlet stream conditions coming out of the first reactor, CSTR. Both reactors commonly encounter a decrease in the initial concentration of A and an increase to the formation of other products. The CSTR entering volumetric flow rate influence the volume sizes needed in achieving the maximum selectivity and conversion

scholarly journals ANÁLISE FLUDODIMÂMICA DE UMA COLUNA DE FLOTAÇÃO POR MEIO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE TEMPOS DE RESIDÊNCIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Hudson Jean Bianquini Couto ◽  
Raphael Andrade Eloy Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Fernando Almeida Braga
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank

Foi realizado um trabalho para avaliação da fluidodinâmica de uma coluna piloto de flotação, por meio da aplicação da técnica de distribuição de tempos de residência - DTR, em função das variáveis mais importantes do processo de flotação como velocidade superficial de alimentação, ar e água de lavagem, e da concentração de espumante. Foi ainda realizado um estudo comparativo entre as diferentes metodologias utilizadas para determinação dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos de DTR, como ajuste dos modelos CSTR (Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor) em série e PFR (Plug-Flow Reactor) de dispersão axial, aos dados experimentais.

scholarly journals On the Standardization of the Photocatalytic Gas/Solid Tests

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Minero ◽  
Andrea Bedini ◽  
Marco Minella
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Photocatalytic Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Rate Evaluation

Abstract The central problem for standardization of photocatalytic efficiency of whatever substrate on an illuminated catalyst is the rate evaluation. For gas/solid experiments different reactors, like batch or flow-through either continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) or plug flow reactor (PFR), could be envisaged. The basic equations governing these reactors and the rate expression for them are presented here. Experiments show that a CSTR configuration presents a lot of advantages for practical use, as any volume, any shape of catalyst and any flow of gas into the reactor can possibly be used. A CSTR configuration is superior to the standardized PFR as the resistance to mass transfer can be reduced by inside forced ventilation. Consequently, it gives an evaluation of the photocatalytic rate more close to the actual surface one. The rate for CSTR at steady state must be calculated as r(Co) = Co F η/S(1−η), where η is the conversion.

scholarly journals Reactor Selection for Effective Continuous Biocatalytic Production of Pharmaceuticals

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan Lindeque ◽  
John Woodley
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Reactor Types ◽  
Biocatalytic Production

Enzyme catalyzed reactions are rapidly becoming an invaluable tool for the synthesis of many active pharmaceutical ingredients. These reactions are commonly performed in batch, but continuous biocatalysis is gaining interest in industry because it would allow seamless integration of chemical and enzymatic reaction steps. However, because this is an emerging field, little attention has been paid towards the suitability of different reactor types for continuous biocatalytic reactions. Two types of continuous flow reactor are possible: continuous stirred tank and continuous plug-flow. These reactor types differ in a number of ways, but in this contribution, we focus on residence time distribution and how enzyme kinetics are affected by the unique mass balance of each reactor. For the first time, we present a tool to facilitate reactor selection for continuous biocatalytic production of pharmaceuticals. From this analysis, it was found that plug-flow reactors should generally be the system of choice. However, there are particular cases where they may need to be coupled with a continuous stirred tank reactor or replaced entirely by a series of continuous stirred tank reactors, which can approximate plug-flow behavior. This systematic approach should accelerate the implementation of biocatalysis for continuous pharmaceutical production.

Monitoring the startup of a wet detention pond equipped with sand filters and sorption filters

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vollertsen ◽  
K. H. Lange ◽  
J. Pedersen ◽  
P. Hallager ◽  
A. Bruus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Retention Pond ◽  
Mixed Reactor ◽  
One Year

The startup of a wet retention pond designed for extended stormwater treatment was monitored by more than one year of continual measurement of hydraulic parameters, nutrients and quality parameters in the pond itself (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity). The data revealed that photosynthesis played an important role for dissolved oxygen and pH for most of the year. Another important observation was that the pond behaved more like a completely mixed reactor than like a plug flow reactor—even though the length to width ratio was as high as 4.5:1. The pond was equipped with sand filters and sorption filters whereby very good nutrient removal efficiencies were achieved.

scholarly journals A Laser Driven Flow Chemistry Platform for Scaling Photochemical Reactions with Visible Light

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaid Harper ◽  
Eric Moschetta ◽  
shailendra Bordawekar ◽  
steven wittenberger
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Unique Reaction ◽  
High Intensity Laser ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Intensity Laser

Visible light-promoted organic reactions can offer increased reactivity and selectivity via unique reaction pathways to address a multitude of practical synthetic problems, yet few practical solutions exist to employ these reactions for multi-kilogram production. We have developed a simple and versatile continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) equipped with a high intensity laser to drive photochemical reactions at unprecedented rates in continuous flow, achieving kg/day throughput using a 100 mL reactor. Our approach to flow reactor design uses the Beer-Lambert law as a guideline to optimize catalyst concentration and reactor depth for maximum throughput. This laser CSTR platform coupled with the rationale for design can be applied to a breadth of photochemical reactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document