OPTIMIZATION OF WATER SUPPLY PIPE REPLACEMENT PLANNING TO MINIMIZE LIFE CYCLE COST INCLUDING SEISMIC RISK ―A PROPOSAL FOR AN EVALUATION METHOD USING MULTI-EVENT MODEL―

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. III_73-III_84
Author(s):  
Kohei HASEGAWA ◽  
Yasuhiro ARAI ◽  
Akira KOIZUMI
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Supply Pipe ◽  
Event Model ◽  
Pipe Replacement

scholarly journals The Analysis of Variants of Water Supply Systems in Multi-Family Residential Building

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Słyś ◽  
Agnieszka Stec
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Climate change, improper use of water resources, surface waters pollution as well as increase of water requirements are the results of growing population of people in the world. It causes water deficiency in majority of countries in the world, including Poland. Due to the water pollution advanced technologies for its treatment are in demand, what leads to increase of water price. In this connection, there are more often taken actions to reduce water consumption by using rainwater to flush toilets, wash cars, do laundry or water green areas. This publication presents results of Life Cycle Cost analysis of two variants of water supply systems designed for multi-family residential building situated in Rzeszow. In line with LCC methodology the calculations were made throughout the whole life-cycle of the building considering initial investment outlays intended for construction of water supply system as well as operation and maintenance costs. In the first of analyzed variants it was assumed that the system would be fed by municipal water supply network. In the second variant rainwater harvesting system for domestic use was additionally applied. Rainwater stored in the tank would be used in sanitary installation to flush toilets, what leads to lowering the costs of municipal water purchase, reducing fees for rainwater discharge to sewage system and consequently is beneficial for financial standing of the examined building.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF LIFE-CYCLE COST OF RETROFITTING SCHOOL BUILDINGS UNDER SEISMIC RISK USING EVOLUTIONARY SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Yuan CHENG ◽  
Hsi-Hsien WEI ◽  
Yu-Wei WU ◽  
Hung-Ming CHEN ◽  
Cai-Wei WU
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Inference Models

The assessment of the seismic performance of existing school buildings is especially important in seismic-disaster mitigation planning. Utilizing a support vector machine coupled with a fast messy genetic algorithm, this study developed two inference models, both using the same input variables: i.e., 18 building characteristics selected based on expert opinion. The first model was designed to judge whether a building needs to be retrofitted; and the second, to estimate the cost of retrofitting buildings to specific levels. The study proposes a life-cycle seismic risk framework that takes into account projections of the seismic risk a given building will confront over the course of its entire existence, and thus helps determine the economically optimal level of retrofitting. The results of a case study indicate that the higher upfront cost of retrofitting that is required to reach higher seismic performance levels could, depending on the level of predicted seismic risk, be offset by lower repair costs in the long run. It is hoped that this research will serve as a basis for further studies of the assessment of the life-cycle seismic risk of school buildings, with the wider aim of arriving at an economically optimal building-retrofit policy.

scholarly journals Life cycle cost analysis of water supply infrastructure affected by low rainfall in Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Godfrey ◽  
G. Hailemichael
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Cost

Abstract This paper challenges the assumption that low cost CAPEX (capital expenditure) water supply infrastructure provides reduced life cycle costs when compared with higher cost CAPEX investments. The assumption is applied through a comparison of 10 years of financial data (2006–2016) from point source water supplies (accompanied by Emergency Expenditure – EMMEX investments – emergency water trucking, treatment and distribution) and piped water supply systems in two districts of the Ethiopian Central Highland region of Amhara. This study concluded that on average point source water supplies accessing shallow groundwater were non-functional for an average of 60 months in a project period of 10 years. To supplement the water supply demand during the non-functionality period, emergency water trucking and treatment was provided over a 10 year period at a per capita cost of USD 2,257. In comparison, the per capita cost of piped water supplies was USD 65 for a project period of 20 years. The study concluded that piped water supplies are less expensive than point source supplies when CAPEX and emergency water supply provision costs are considered under a life cycle cost analysis.

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