scholarly journals CATCHMENT STORAGE ESTIMATION BASED ON TOTAL RAINFALL-TOTAL LOSS RAINFALL RELATIONSHIP FOR 47 CATCHMENTS IN JAPAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. I_169-I_174 ◽  
Author(s):  
INTAN SUPRABA ◽  
TOMOHITO J. YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Total Loss ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Total

scholarly journals Tropical Cyclone Contribution to Rainfall over Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 3606-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dare ◽  
Noel E. Davidson ◽  
John L. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Rainfall Total ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall over the Australian continent is studied using observations from 41 TC seasons 1969/70 to 2009/10. A total of 318 storms, whose centers either crossed the coastline or were located within 500 km of the coast, are considered in this study. Mean seasonal (November/April) contributions by TCs to the total rainfall are largest along the northern coastline from 120°–150°E. However, the percentage contributions by TCs are greatest west of 125°E, with mean coastal values of 20%–40% and inland values of approximately 20%. Farther east, percentages near the coast are only around 10%, and even lower inland. Inland penetration by TC rainfall is generally greatest over western portions of the continent, associated with greater inland penetration of TC tracks. During the peak of the TC season (January–March), TCs contribute around 40% to the rainfall total of coastal regions west of 120°E, while during December, TCs contribute approximately 60%–70% to the total rainfall west of 115°E. Rain from TCs varies sharply between TC seasons, with some longitude bands receiving no TC rain during some seasons. For the 110°–115°E longitude band the TC rain contribution is quite inconsistent, varying interannually from 0%–86%. This has an impact on water supplies, with storage dams falling to low levels during some years, while filling to capacity during TC-related flood events in other years. These large interannual variations and their impacts underline why it is important to understand TC rainfall characteristics over the Australian continent.

scholarly journals Microphysical Characteristics of Rainfall Observed by a 2DVD Disdrometer during Different Seasons in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2303
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Haonan Chen ◽  
Meilin Yang ◽  
Mingxuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Rate ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Occurrence Frequency ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Maximum Occurrence

The seasonal variations of raindrop size distribution (DSD) and rainfall are investigated using three-year (2016–2018) observations from a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) located at a suburban station (40.13°N, 116.62°E, ~30 m AMSL) in Beijing, China. The annual distribution of rainfall presents a unimodal distribution with a peak in summer with total rainfall of 966.6 mm, followed by fall. Rain rate (R), mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm), and raindrop concentration (Nt) are stratified into six regimes to study their seasonal variation and relative rainfall contribution to the total seasonal rainfall. Heavy drizzle/light rain (R2: 0.2~2.5 mm h−1) has the maximum occurrence frequency throughout the year, while the total rainfall in summer is primarily from heavy rain (R4: 10~50 mm h−1). The rainfall for all seasons is contributed primarily from small raindrops (Dm2: 1.0~2.0 mm). The distribution of occurrence frequency of Nt and the relative rainfall contribution exhibit similar behavior during four seasons with Nt of 10~1000 m−3 registering the maximum occurrence and rainfall contributions. Rainfall in Beijing is dominated by stratiform rain (SR) throughout the year. There is no convective rainfall (CR) in winter, i.e., it occurs most often during summer. DSD of SR has minor seasonal differences, but varies significantly in CR. The mean values of log10Nw (Nw: mm−1m−3, the generalized intercept parameter) and Dm of CR indicate that the CR during spring and fall in Beijing is neither continental nor maritime, at the same time, the CR in summer is close to the maritime-like cluster. The radar reflectivity (Z) and rain rate (?) relationship (Z = ?R?) showed seasonal differences, but were close to the standard NEXRAD Z-R relationship in summer. The shape of raindrops observed from 2DVD was more spherical than the shape obtained from previous experiments, and the effect of different axis ratio relations on polarimetric radar measurements was investigated through T-matrix-based scattering simulations.

Effects of crop sequence and rainfall on population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hall ◽  
Lana Gay Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Crop Sequence

Evidence is presented that population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil depend on the effects of crop sequence and rainfall on parasitic activities of the pathogen. In a rotation trial started in 1978 and conducted over 14 years, population densities (colony-forming units/g) of the fungus in soil remained below 50 in treatments (fallow, repeated corn, repeated soybean) where the preferred host plant (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris) was not grown. Where bean was grown every 3rd year or every year, population densities reached 475 and 660, respectively, by 1984. Thereafter, population densities of the fungus fluctuated widely from year to year in both rotation and repeated bean treatments. In the rotation treatment, peaks in population density of the pathogen coincided with the years of bean production. In repeated bean plots between 1985 and 1991, population density of the fungus in June was significantly correlated (r = 0.77, p = 0.04) with total rainfall received during the previous summer (June–August). It is postulated that higher rainfall during the growing season of the bean crop stimulated root growth and root infection, leading to the accumulation of higher levels of potential inoculum in infected tissue and the release of higher levels of inoculum into the soil by the following June. Key words: Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, rainfall, crop rotation.

scholarly journals Influence of Environment on Atmospheric Concentrations of Peronospora antirrhini Sporangia in Field-Grown Snapdragon

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Byrne ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck ◽  
L. E. Sconyers
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Total Spore Count ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Hourly concentrations of airborne sporangia of Peronospora antirrhini at a commercial snapdragon farm were investigated over three growing seasons to determine the influence of the environment on their occurrence and concentration. Hourly concentrations of sporangia of P. antirrhini were estimated using a Burkard volumetric spore sampler. Atmospheric sporangial concentrations followed a diurnal pattern and were greatest during 0500 to 1200 h. Minimum daily temperatures <10.0°C appeared to have a moderate limiting effect on atmospheric sporangial concentrations, whereas temperatures <6.0°C had more severe limiting effects. Maximum daily temperatures ≥30.0°C limited concentrations of atmospheric sporangia. Long dew periods (≥6 h) were associated with relatively large sporangia releases. On 69 days (1999 to 2001), the total number of sporangia trapped was >100/m3/day, and the average length of leaf wetness duration prior to these releases was 11 h. Consecutive days with short leaf wetness periods were associated with low atmospheric sporangial concentrations. Significant positive correlations (P = 0.0502 and P = 0.0174) were found between total rainfall and total spore count for both research plots in 2000. Information gained from this study will contribute to the development of a disease management program that utilizes environmental cues to prompt fungicide applications, thus increasing the efficiency of fungicide programs and delaying the development of pathogen resistance.

Medical Record Documentation of Seizures

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Sample Record ◽  
Medical Record Documentation

This sample record is meant to demonstrate comprehensive recording of pertinent data. Actual records will vary in format; many will be written in a more abbreviated style. Name: Sharon DiStefano1 Date of birth: December 8, 19832 Drug allergies: None; cramps from erythromycin3 Immunizations: Fully immunized4 Thursday, February 6, 1992 Telephone Teacher called parents — Sharon "suddenly gets a blank look" for brief periods. Has done this several times. Parents will get further information from teacher, watch carefully over weekend, bring in for visit next week. Tuesday, February 11, 1992 CHIEF COMPLAINT: "We think she's having spells." PRESENT ILLNESS: (See letter from teacher). He has noted over the last week, on 5 or 6 occasions, that Sharon will develop "blank stare" suddenly. When talked to, will not respond at first but will after several repetitions. Once did this in the middle of talking; paused noticeably for a number of seconds, then resumed talking. Eyes always stay open; blinking noted; no total loss of consciousness. No jerking, twitching, slumping, drooling, incontinence. Seems normal afterwards; not aware of any lapse. Over the weekend parents saw similar spells: three times at meals, twice when watching television, once after she had been running around backyard and had just sat down. "Like a shade was drawn behind her eyes."

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