Correlation between Carotid Intimal-Media Thickness and Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Background: Atherosclerosis is a fundamental process in the natural course of coronary heart disease (CHD), carotid artery disease and peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis is caused by an imbalance of homeostasis in the level of the endothelial layer and the presence of risk factors. The manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis have a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from subclinical to clinical phases. In patients without CHD symptoms, changes incarotid artery morphology include carotid intimal-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques which correlated with CHD. This study aims to see the relationship between CIMT with the severity of coronary lesions in stable coronary artery disease.Methods: The study was an analytical observational research using cross sectional design. Data was taken by consecutive sampling from outpatient hospital clinic. The CIMT score was obtained from the examination of a communis carotid artery using a B-mode ultrasound device. The value ofCIMT is divided into 2 groups based on the value of the sensitivity curve and the specifcity curve. The value of Syntax was obtained from the catheterization laboratory and the factors that inﬂuenced it were recorded. Pearson correlation test is used to analyze the relationship of CIMT and Syntax value. The logistic regression test used for multivariate test.Results: Of the 58 patients, there were 33 subjects who had a CIMT score of > 0.71 mm and 25 subjects who had a CIMT score of ≤0.71 mm. There is a positive correlation (r = 0.403; p <0.05) between CIMT value and Syntax value. Subjects who have high Syntax value in the group with a CIMT value >0.71 mm compared to CIMT values ≤0.71 mm were 29 versus 4 (RR: 1.831; CI 95%:1.194-2.807; p = 0.01). A multivariate test showed CIMT consistently as a independent risk factor of Syntax value in stable coronary artery disease with RP 5.27 (CI 95%: 1.306-25.047; p = 0.021).Conclusion: The increase in CIMT value has a signifcant positive correlation with the Syntax value. A CIMT > 0.71 mm is a independent risk factor of high Syntax value in stable coronary artery disease with prevalence ratio 5.27

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Sex differences in clinical outcomes of patients with stable coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210303142901 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel P. Vardas ◽

Evangelos Oikonomou ◽

Gerasimos Siasos ◽

Panagiotis Theofilis ◽

Polychronis Dilaveris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Female Sex ◽

Percutaneous Coronary ◽

Artery Disease

: Potential sex-related differences in the periprocedural and long-term postprocedural outcomes of coronary angioplasty in patients with stable coronary artery disease have been studied thoroughly over the last few decades, to determine whether female sex should be regarded as an independent risk factor that affects clinical outcomes. Based on a significant number of observational studies and meta-analyses, sex has not yet emerged as an independent risk factor for either mortality or major cardiac and cerebrovascular events, despite the fact that in the early 1980s, for several reasons, female sex was associated with unfavourable outcomes. Therefore, it remains debatable whether female sex should be considered as an independent risk factor for periprocedural and long-term bleeding events. The pharmacological and technological advancements that support current coronary angioplasty procedures, as well as the non-delayed treatment of coronary artery disease in females have certainly lessened the outcome differences between the two sexes. However, females show fluctuations in blood coagulability through their lifetime and higher prevalence of bleeding episodes associated with the antithrombotic treatment, following transcatheter coronary reperfusion interventions. In conclusion, the clinical results of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease, during the periprocedural and long-term postprocedural periods, appear to show no significant differences between the two sexes, except for bleeding rates, which seem to be higher in females, a difference that mandates further systematic research.

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THE INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS AND VASCULAR COMPLIANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237204000074 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (01) ◽

pp. 37-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CHIH-CHENG HUANG ◽

TAINSONG CHEN ◽

TING-HSING CHAO ◽

YAO-FENG JUAN

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Elastic Property ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Windkessel Model ◽

Vascular Compliance ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Artery Disease ◽

The Relationship

Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is used as an indicator of atherosclerosis and a risk predictor for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. In macroscopic view, the atherosclerotic process constitutes changes in structure and mechanical function of vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between carotid IMT and elastic property, or compliance, of the vessel. Eighteen patients (10 males, 8 females, mean age: 65.5+/−12.2) who received coronary angiography due to coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled in this study. The IMT was measured at left carotid artery 5 cm below bifurcation. The blood pressure was measured through a catheter placed in aortic arch and continuous pressure change was recorded simultaneously during performing of carotid sonography. A sequence of cross section images of carotid sonogram was recorded. An image analysis algorithm is developed for serial luminal area measurements. Then the estimation of compliance was computed according to Windkessel model. Regression analysis shows negative correlation (r=−0.704) between IMT and vascular compliance. The results correlate the elastic property and structural change of carotid artery during the process of atherosclerosis. This finding further support that IMT is a good parameter for evaluation of the severity of atherosclerosis.

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Carotid artery intima-media thickness is associated with coronary artery disease

Acta Cardiologica ◽

10.2143/ac.63.3.1020306 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. Heuten ◽

I. Goovaerts ◽

G. Ennekens ◽

C. Vrints

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Artery Disease

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Allicin improves carotid artery intima-media thickness in coronary artery disease patients with hyperhomocysteinemia

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine ◽

10.3892/etm.2017.4698 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 1722-1726 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

De-Shan Liu ◽

Shu-Li Wang ◽

Jun-Mei Li ◽

Er-Shun Liang ◽

Ming-Zhong Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Artery Disease

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Should the Presence or Extent of Coronary Artery Disease be Quantified in the CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Atrial Fibrillation? A Report from the Western Denmark Heart Registry

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1675401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 118 (12) ◽

pp. 2162-2170 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kamilla Steensig ◽

Kevin Olesen ◽

Troels Thim ◽

Jens Nielsen ◽

Svend Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Angiography ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Artery Disease

Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased risk of ischaemic stroke. The risk can be predicted by the CHA2DS2-VASc score, in which the vascular component refers to previous myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease and aortic plaque, whereas coronary artery disease (CAD) is not included. Objectives This article explores whether CAD per se or extent provides independent prognostic information of future stroke among patients with AF. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients with AF and coronary angiography performed between 2004 and 2012 were included. The endpoint was a composite of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and systemic embolism. The risk of ischaemic events was estimated according to the presence and extent of CAD. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated in reference to patients without CAD and adjusted for parameters included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score and treatment with anti-platelet agents and/or oral anticoagulants. Results Of 96,430 patients undergoing coronary angiography, 12,690 had AF. Among patients with AF, 7,533 (59.4%) had CAD. Mean follow-up was 3 years. While presence of CAD was an independent risk factor for the composite endpoint (adjusted IRR, 1.25; 1.06–1.47), extent of CAD defined as 1-, 2-, 3- or diffuse vessel disease did not add additional independent risk information. Conclusion Presence, but not extent, of CAD was an independent risk factor of the composite thromboembolic endpoint beyond the components already included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Consequently, we suggest that significant angiographically proven CAD should be included in the vascular disease criterion in the CHA2DS2-VASc score.

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A carotid extra-media thickness, PATIMA combined index and coronary artery disease: Comparison with well-established indexes of carotid artery and fat depots

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 243 (1) ◽

pp. 307-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maciej Haberka ◽

Zbigniew Gąsior

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Artery Disease

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Hypertension as a Risk Factor for Aspirin and Clopidogrel Resistance in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029613481102 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 749-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ibrahim Faruk Akturk ◽

Fatma Nihan Caglar ◽

Mehmet Erturk ◽

Nilgun Tuncer ◽

Ahmet Arif Yalcın ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Clopidogrel Resistance ◽

Artery Disease

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Malnutrition is a major factor to affect prognosis of patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease with calcified lesions

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

T Sonoda ◽

D Kanda ◽

K Anzaki ◽

R Arikawa ◽

A Tokushige ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Stable Angina ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Target Lesion ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Background In patients undergo PCI for coronary artery disease, target lesion calcification is associated with major cardiac events. Malnutrition is the important factor to cause frailty and sarcopenia which affect prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between morphology in target lesions and malnutrition in patients undergo PCI is still uncertain. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate how malnutrition affects prognosis of stable angina patients underwent PCI and morphology in target lesions. Methods The subject was 206 consecutive stable angina patients undergone successful PCI using second-generation drug eluting stents and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). The study patients were divided into two groups based on malnutrition or non-malnutrition. Nutritional status was assessed by Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and patients with GNRI<92 at admission were defined as malnutrition group (MG). We investigated the association between malnutrition on admission and outcome, and morphology in target lesions assessed by IVUS. Target lesion morphology were divided into moderate/severe calcified group and none/mild calcified group. Results All-cause death and MACCE (major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events) ≤3 years after PCI were 15 cases (7%) and 33 cases (16%). MG had higher rate of all-cause death (20 vs. 6%, p=0.001) and MACCE (37 vs. 10%, p<0.001) than those of non-MG. Kaplan Meier analysis elucidated that survival rate was significantly lower in MG compared to that in non-MG (p<0.001). As a result of cox proportional hazards analysis, all-cause death was associated with age [hazard ratio (HR): 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.10, p=0.006)], hs-CRP (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.12, p<0.001), hemodialysis (HR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.08–4.68, p=0.029), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99, p=0.017) and malnutrition (HR: 4.38, 95% CI: 2.11–9.09, p<0.001) in the univariate analysis. Similarly, cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that age (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, p=0.018), hs-CRP (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.11, p<0.001), hemodialysis (HR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.45–4.94, p=0.002), LVEF (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99, p=0.002) and malnutrition (HR: 4.14, 95% CI: 2.23–7.67, p<0.001) were significantly associated with MACCE. Multivariate analysis for all-cause death and MACCE revealed that malnutrition was an independent risk factor (HR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.52–7.94, p=0.003, HR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.87–7.58, p<0.001). Furthermore, MG was significantly associated with moderate/severe target calcified lesions assessed by IVUS compared to those of patients in non-MG (67 vs. 27%, p<0.001) regardless with or without hemodialysis. Conclusions Malnutrition was a crucial independent risk factor for stable angina patients who underwent PCI and was significantly associated with moderate/severe target calcified lesions. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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