scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG AND WEAK ACID UPON AGGREGATION AND PHEOPHYTINIZATION OF CHLOROPHYLL A AND B

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Lia Kusmita ◽  
Leenawaty Limantara
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Soret Band ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Spectral Difference ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Plant Chloroplast ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Green Pigments

Chlorophyll is green pigment that can be found in plant chloroplast. Higher plants usually have two kinds of chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and b. These green pigments are easily degraded by temperature, light intensity, oxygen, acid, and water. Water causes aggregation of chlorophyll, while acid causes pheophytinization of chlorophyll. Aggregation and pheophytinization process of chlorophyll are influenced by solvents. This study was conducted to observe the spectral difference of aggregated chlorophyll in acetone and methanol upon pheophytinization by strong (HCl) and weak acid (CH3COOH), in comparison to the non-aggregated chlorophyll. Observation of spectral pattern was carried out using double beam spectrophotometer CARY 50 at 350-1100 nm. The result shows that pheophytinization of chlorophyll a and b causes hypsochromic shift, particularly at Soret band. There are new peak formations in Qx region, specifically at 506 and 535 nm for pheophytinized-chlorophyll a, and at 371, 435, 526 and 599 nm for pheophytinized-chlorophyll b.   Keywords: aggregation, chlorophyll a and b, pheophytinization

Chloroplast biogenesis. XXIX. The occurrence of several novel chlorophyll a and b chromophores in higher plants

1980 ◽  
Vol 590 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin A. Rebeiz ◽  
Faith C. Belanger ◽  
Georges Freyssinet ◽  
Daniel G. Saab
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chloroplast Biogenesis ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

scholarly journals A quantitative determination of the plastid pigments in higher plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Β Carotene

The  pigments or the plastids belong to two groups: the chlorophylls or green  pigments and the carotenoids or yellow pigments. The chlorophyll group can be  divided in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and protochlorophyll and the  carotenoid group in carotenes (principally β-carotene) and different  xanthophylls. In connection with other research work (light quality and  quantity measurements, photosynthesis, ...) it is important to determine the  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophyll content.    According to this method the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid  content is determined by a spectrophotometric method after extraction with  acetone. The carotenes, after extraction with petroleumether and acetone and  after separating from other pigments by column chromatography, are determined  from preleminary quantitative spectrophotometric calibrations with synthetic  β-carotene. The difference between the carotenoid content and the β-carotene  content gives the amount of xanthophylls.

scholarly journals Investigation of Chlorophyl-a Derived Compounds as Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Inactivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Listiana Oktavia ◽  
Irma Mulyani ◽  
Veinardi Suendo
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Soret Band ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

Chlorophyll has unique physicochemical properties which makes them good as photosensitizer of Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI). The physicochemical properties of chlorophyll as photosensitizer can be optimized through several routes.  One of the possible route is by replacing the metal ion center of chlorophyll with other ions. In this research, the effect of coordinated metal ion in the natural chlorophyll-a was studied for bacterial growth (S. aureus) inhibition. The replacement of metal in the center of chlorophyll hopefully can improve the intensity of Intersystem Crossing Mechanism (ISC) lead to the formation of singlet oxygen species. The chlorophyll a and b were isolated from spinach via precipitation technique using 1,4 dioxane and water. The chlorophyll a and b were separated using sucrose column chromatography. The thin layer chromatography result showed that chlorophyll a (Rf: 0.57) had been well separated with chlorophyll b (Rf: 0.408). The absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and b showed that the Soret band was observed at 411 and 425 nm, while the Q band appeared at 663 and 659 nm. Replacement of metal ion center shifted the Soret band of chlorophyll- a derivatives to lower energy region, while Q-band was slightly shifted to the higher energy region. The absorption and the fluorescence intensity were  also observed decreasing after ion replacement. The Inhibition activity investigation over S. aureus showed the highest inhibition activity was exhibited by Zn-pheophytin-a (66.8%) followed by chlorophyll a (30.1 %) and Cu-pheophytin-a (0%). The inhibition activity is correlated with decreasing fluorescence intensity. The formation of singlet oxygen by ISC mechanism is hypothesized to deactivate the excitation state of Cu-pheophytin-a. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals Changes in the chlorophyll a and b content in different-aged leaves of Spergula vernalis Willd.

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Ewa Symonides
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Green Pigments

The result are reported of investigations on the seasonal variations in the chlorophyll a and b content in the successive leaf tiers of <i>Spergula vernalis</i> Willd. growing in two different dune habitats. It was endeavoured to determine the influence of habitat conditions on the concentration of green pigments. The eventual relationship between their amount and the production of organic matter by the plants is discussed.

Etude sur la teneur en pigment de frênes qui croissent dans des conditions différentes

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Light Quantity ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
The One ◽  
Green Pigments

Pigment content of ashes grown up under different circumstances - The pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,  xanthophyll and carotene) has been researched with ashes grown up under  different light circumstances and varying in age and height.     The results prove that the general laws concerning the influence of light  on the pigment content, don’t always work.     The phenomen is very complex. The light quantity is very important in some  cases, but insignificant in others. It seems origin and height of plants have  a strong influence. The results prove also the influence of the environment  is much higher on small plants as on big ones.     The research indicates finally the correlation between the green pigments,  the yellow pigments, and between the green pigments on the one side and the  yellow ones on the other side.

scholarly journals Macroalgae

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Leonel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Green Pigments

What are algae? Algae are organisms that perform photosynthesis; that is, they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen (therefore they have chlorophyll, a group of green pigments used by photosynthetic organisms that convert sunlight into energy via photosynthesis) and live in water or in humid places. Algae have great variability and are divided into microalgae, small in size and only visible through a microscope, and macroalgae, which are larger in size, up to more than 50 m (the maximum recorded was 65 m), and have a greater diversity in the oceans. Thus, the term “algae” is commonly used to refer to “marine macroalgae or seaweeds”. It is estimated that 1800 different brown macroalgae, 6200 red macroalgae, and 1800 green macroalgae are found in the marine environment. Although the red algae are more diverse, the brown ones are the largest.

scholarly journals An extended PROSPECT: Advance in the leaf optical properties model separating total chlorophylls into chlorophyll a and b

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Jingfeng Huang ◽  
Fumin Wang ◽  
George Alan Blackburn ◽  
Hankui K. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Leaf Optical Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

scholarly journals A study of the low-lying singlet and triplet electronic states of chlorophyll A and B

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1775-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihajlo Etinski ◽  
Milena Petkovic ◽  
Miroslav Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetimes ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Vertical Ionization Potentials ◽  
Density Functional Theory Optimization ◽  
Triplet Formation ◽  
Good Agreement

Chlorophylls have been extensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically owing to the fact that they are essential for photosynthesis. We have studied two forms of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, by means of density functional theory. Optimization of S0, S1 and T1 states was performed with the B3-LYP functional. The computed fluorescence lifetimes show good agreement with the available experimental data. The electronic adiabatic energies of S1 and T1 states are 2.09/2.12 and 1.19/1.29 eV for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b respectively. We discussed the implications of this results on the triplet formation. Also, the calculated vertical ionization potentials shows good agreement with the experimental results.

Light-Induced Accumulation and Stability of Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
G. Burkard ◽  
G. Kuhn ◽  
U. Prenzel
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Radish Seedlings

Abstract Illumination of 3 day old etiolated radish seedlings with continuous white light results in a progressive accumulation of chlorophyll a and b. Both pigments are bound in a different way to the thylakoid chlorophyll-proteins, which appear parallel to the formation of chlorophylls. By applying the SDS-PAGE method to SDS-digested chloroplasts, it was possible to show that the chloroplasts of radish cotyledons contain the typical chlorophyll proteins LHCP1-3, CPa, CPI and CPIa which have been found in other plants. Between LHCP1 and CPI an additional chlorophyll protein is detected with the spectral properties of a LHCP; it is termed here LHCPy. When the green plants are transferred to continuous darkness, chlorophylls and the chlorophyll-proteins are progressively degraded. At an early stage of greening chlorophyll b is destroyed at a much higher rate in darkness than chlorophyll a, which yields high chlorophyll a/b ratios. This is paralleled by a faster decrease in the level of the corresponding chloro­phyll a/b-protein LHCP3 than of CPI. At a later stage of greening, after the end of the logarithmic chlorophyll accumulation, the chlorophylls a and b and also the LHCP3 and CPI are destroyed in continuous darkness at equal rates; the a/b ratios and the LHCP3/CPI ratios are then little different from the light control. The data indicate that at an early stage of greening the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein LHCP3 is less stable than the other chlorophyll-proteins (CPI, CPIa, CPa), which contain pre­ dominantly chlorophyll a. The ratio chlorophyll a to β-carotene (a/c ratio) of CPIa, CPI and CPa is about 10, while that of the LHCP1-3 is found to be between 150 to 300. We therefore propose using the a/c ratio to define the chlorophyll-proteins which, besides the absorption spectra, is the most suitable parameter.

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