scholarly journals Variation of Slab Component in Ancient and Modern Merapi Products: A Detailed Look into Slab Derived Fluid Fluctuation over the Living Span of One of the Most Active Volcanoes in Sunda Arc

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Esti Handini ◽  
Toshiaki Hasenaka ◽  
Agung Harijoko ◽  
Yasushi Mori
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Magma Source ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Sunda Arc ◽  
High K ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Magma Series ◽  
2006 Eruption ◽  
Component Addition

Holocene eruptions of Merapi have produced both medium-K and high-K calc alkaline series which correspond to products older and younger than 1900 years respectively. The change has been attributed to increasing sediment input as the volcano matures. This study presents two Merapi samples which represent Ancient and Modern Merapi. The two samples are analyzed for subduction components including B, Ba, Sr, and Pb using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer and prompt gamma ray analysis (PGA). Our finding shows that Ancient Merapi sample from Plawangan Hill lava is close in affinities with younger than 1900 years high-K magma series. On the other hand, Modern Merapi sample from 2006 eruption juvenile is plotted within medium-K magma series which are observed in eruption products older than 1900 years. Ratios of fluid mobile elements to high field strength element (HFSE) (i.e. B/Nb, Ba/Y, Pb/Nb) consistently show that Ancient Merapi sample has higher input of slab derived fluid than Modern Merapi sample. A model using B/Nb and Ba/Nb suggests that Plawangan magma requires 1.5 % of sediment derived fluid, higher than estimated in 2006 eruption magma (1.2 %) and medium-K series magma, and within the range of high-K series magma, to explain its slab component enrichment. This evidence suggests that slab derived component addition to the sub-arc mantle wedge highly fluctuates over short period of evolution of a volcano. One possible explanation is the presence of veined hydrous metasomatized sub-arc mantle as Merapi magma source which allows melting of different mantle area to produce fluctuation of slab components in the course of evolution of Merapi magmas.

scholarly journals Localization of inclusions in multiple prompt gamma ray analysis: a feasibility study

2013 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 012001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Miceli ◽  
G Festa ◽  
R Senesi ◽  
G Gorini ◽  
C Andreani
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Prompt Gamma

PO-1728: Development of a new prompt gamma ray detection system for full 3D proton range verification

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. S957-S958
Author(s):  
P. Costanza ◽  
R.I. Mackay ◽  
K.J. Kirkby ◽  
M.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Range Verification

scholarly journals Optical Afterglows as Probes for the Central Engine and Fireball of Gamma-Ray Bursts

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S290) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
En-Wei Liang ◽  
He Gao ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Ambient Medium ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Central Engine ◽  
Prompt Emission

AbstractWell-sampled optical lightcurves of 146 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are compiled from literature. We identify possible emission components based on our empirical fits and present statistical analysis for these components. We find that the flares are related to prompt emission, suggesting that they could have the same origin in different episodes. The shallow decay segment is not correlated with prompt gamma-rays. It likely signals a long-lasting injected wind from GRB central engines. Early after onset peak is closely related with prompt emission. The ambient medium density profile is likely n ∝ r−1. No correlation between the late re-brightening bump and prompt gamma-rays or the onset bump is found. They may be from another jet component.

Prompt gamma ray diagnostics of advanced fuel fusion plasmas

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 3223-3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Cecil ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
J. C. Scorby ◽  
S. S. Medley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Fusion Plasmas ◽  
Advanced Fuel

Tolerance and osmotic response to food deprivation and salt loading in the herbivorous non-drinking Moroccan Spiny-tailed lizard Uromastyx nigriventris (Sauria: Agamidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bendami Safaa ◽  
Znari Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
High K ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Herbivorous Species

Abstract Animals inhabiting arid environments use a variety of behavioural and physiological strategies to balance their water and salt budgets. We studied the effects of dehydration and salt loading on osmoregulatory capacities in a large herbivorous desert lizard, the Moroccan Spiny-tailed lizard Uromastyx nigriventris, the family Agamidae. These lizards select plants with a high K+ to Na+ ratio of 15 to 20, and like other herbivorous lizards, effectively eliminate the extra electrolyte load, mainly via a pair of active nasal salt glands, which exude the extra ions from blood. Here we present results of a series of laboratory experiments, which tested a five-week food and water deprivation and the excretory response of nasal salt glands, during a short period of five days, following salt loading by two separated injections of KCl or NaCl at a 5-day interval (4th and 9th days). During food-water deprivation, hypohydrated lizards lost 32% of their initial body mass with a substantial decrease of their Body Condition Index and the tail volume as an index of energy (fat and then potential metabolic water) storage. Plasma osmolality significantly increased by 20%. There were also significantly increased plasma sodium, chloride, and total protein concentrations. On the other hand, there was no significant decrease in the plasma glucose level. Most of the salt loaded lizards secreted far more K+ than Na+ via the nasal glands, even after NaCl loading. The K+/Na+ ratio decreased only after two to three repetitive NaCl injections but insufficient Na+ was eliminated. Two successive KCl injections were successfully eliminated, but daily natural average K+ administration induced progressive hyperkaliemia. These experimental data agreed with previous observations showing variations of plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations in free-living lizards. The nasal gland constitutes the main route of Cl− excretion but the Cl−/(Na+ + K+) ratio may vary according to observations in other herbivorous species.

Neutron capture prompt gamma-ray analysis of stratospheric and groundfall ASH following the MT. ST. Helens eruption of May 18, 1980

1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Anderson ◽  
J. M. Phelan ◽  
T. Vossler ◽  
W. H. Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Prompt Gamma

Characterization of Materials for a Hydrogen-Based Economy by Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma-Ray Activation Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Paul ◽  
Lei Raymond Cao
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cold Neutron ◽  
Proton Conductors ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Materials ◽  
Storage Materials ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

AbstractAn instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) has proven useful for the chemical characterization of hydrogen storage materials and other materials of importance to a hydrogen-based economy. The detection limit for hydrogen is less than 10 mg/kg for most materials. Potential hydrogen storage materials that have been characterized by PGAA include single-wall carbon nanotubes with and without boron doping, porous carbons, lithium magnesium imides, and ternary hydrides of various elements. The capability to allow in situ hydrogenation and characterization of materials is currently under development. PGAA has also been used to characterize materials used in hydrogen fuel cells, including solid proton conductors, polymer membrane, and proton exchange membranes. Future upgrades to the instrument will improve detection limits and functionality of the instrument.

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