Tempering of cocoa butter and chocolate using minor lipidic components

Chocolate manufacture includes a complex tempering procedure to direct the crystallization of cocoa butter towards the formation of fat crystal networks with specific polymorphism, nano- and microstructure, melting behavior, surface gloss and mechanical properties. Here we investigate the effects of adding various minor non-triglyceride lipidic components to refined cocoa butter and chocolate on their physical properties. We discover that addition of saturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine to neutralized and bleached cocoa butter or molten and recrystallized commercial chocolate at 0.1% (w/w) levels, followed by rapid cooling to 20 °C in the absence of shear, accelerates crystallization, stabilizes the desirable Form V polymorph and induces the formation of chocolate with an optimal microstructure, surface gloss and mechanical strength. Final chocolate structure and properties are comparable to those of a commercial tempered chocolate. Minor lipidic component addition represents an effective way to engineer chocolate material properties at different length scales, thus simplifying the entire tempering process.

Preparation of one-component addition-cure liquid silicone rubber coating with enhanced storage stability and bond strength

It is of great interest and challenge to simultaneously improve the storage stability and bond strength of one-component addition-cure liquid silicone rubber (OLSR) coating for electronic circuit board. In this work, we proposed an efficient approach to address this issue by incorporating both cyano-modification platinum catalyst (CN-PT) and urethane-containing poly(hydromethylsiloxane) (N-PHMS) into OLSR coating using a mechanical mixer. The CN-PT and N-PHMS were synthesized through thermal polymerization reaction and hydrosilylation reaction, respectively. The OLSR coating containing 0.3 phr CN-PT and 3 phr N-PHMS showed the best properties, with a tensile bond strength of 1.63 MPa, a storage period > 180 d at 25°C, and a curing rate < 2 h at 80°C. The salt-spray resistance and continuous power-on performance of OLSR coating were also improved, compared with pure OLSR coating. The synergism of CN-Pt and N-PHMS on the enhancement both the storage stability and bond strength of OLSR coating was also explored. Our findings exhibited great potentials for fabricating OLSR coating with excellent long-term stable service performance including high storage stability and protective ability.

Acid-Catalyzed Three-Component Addition of Carbonyl Compounds with 1,2,3-Triazoles and Indoles

A facile and efficient acid-catalyzed three-component reaction of indoles, 1-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and carbonyl compounds has been developed. The use of TsOH with a small amount of water significantly promoted the reaction...

USE OF SURFACING MATERIALS MODIFIED WITH REFRACTORY COMPONENTS FOR REDUCTION OF ROLLERS IN BLANK CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINES

At metallurgical enterprises the worn out rollers of BCCM are reduced by means of a surfacing technology. In most cases the rollers of BCCM are made of heat-resistant steel of 20H13 and 25H1M1F grades and others and their reduction is carried out by surfacing with the use of powder wire, for instance PP-Np-25H5FMS. Life increase of the reduced rollers of BCCM twice as many and more is an urgent problem requiring the use of more wear-resistant materials. The paper reports the results of X-ray structural, phase, structural, tribological, thermocyclic investigations directed to the analysis of the possibility in use of ASM 4603-SA filler modified with 3% of refractory components of tungsten carbide (TC) and 0.2% hexagonal boron nitride (BN) for roller reduction of blank continuous casting machines. It is defined that ASM 4603-SA powder wire application with the refractory component addition is promising for roller surfacing reduction in BCCM. As a result of mentioned material electro arc surfacing on the roller surface of BCCM there is formed a wear-resistant layer with hardness up to 57 HRC resistant to a crack formation and burn back grid as a result of cyclic hightemperature impacts characterized with the decreased friction coefficient in comparison with the layer surfaced with the basic material.

Investigation of the Decorative Ceramics of Matrix Structure from Iron-Ore Waste with Vanadium Component Addition

Results of the study of bulk coloring of decorative ceramic materials with matrix structure based on the slurry part of the iron ore tailings by vanadium slag additive are represented. Chemical, mineralogical and granulometric compositions of the raw materials are presented. The characteristic of their ceramic-technological properties is given. A new method of obtaining decorative ceramic specimens with matrix structure is described. The dependence of physical and mechanical properties and ceramic specimen color form the vanadium slag amount in charge is established. The results of studies of the matrix structure of decorative ceramic specimens with different contents of the coloring additive are represented.