scholarly journals SEROPREVALENSI PENYAKIT AVIAN INFLUENZA SUBTIPE H5N1 PADA AYAM BURAS DI PASAR BERINGKIT DAN GALIRAN, BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Baiq Indah Pertiwi ◽  
Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana ◽  
I Nyoman Suartha
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Market Management ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Influenza H5n1

Avian Influenza (AI) is a strategic communicable and zoonotic disease. The cause is a virus with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1. The poultry market has important roles in the preservation, propagation, and spreads of the Avian Influenza (AI) virus from poultry to other species and humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of seroprevalence of Avian Influenza (H5N1) in free-range chickens at the Beringkit and Galiran market. A total of 120 free-range chickens were used as a sample. They have taken 60 serum samples per market. Serum removal is made from 5 merchants under the provisions of 3 samples from merchants who sell 6 to 10 free-range chickens. The sampling period is carried out for 2 months every 2 weeks 4 times. Sample testing was performed at the Denpasar Veterinary Centre with Haemagglutination (HA) and Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) as barriers. The data titer of the antibodies obtained was analyzed by Non-Parametric Statistic Test Chi-Square (χ2) using IBM SPSS for windows. The results of the study showed that the AI subtype of the H5N1 subtype in both Beringkit Markets is 3.3% and Galiran Market is 6.7%, with seroprevalence in the two markets of 5.0% which is statistically not dissimilar (P<0.05). To prevent the transmissions of AI disease at the Beringkit Market and Galiran is recommended for vaccination and more attention to the market management and the free-range chicken maintenance system.

scholarly journals Antibodies to Highly Pathogenic A/H5Nx (Clade 2.3.4.4) Influenza Viruses in the Sera of Vietnamese Residents

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Tatyana Ilyicheva ◽  
Vasily Marchenko ◽  
Olga Pyankova ◽  
Anastasia Moiseeva ◽  
Tran Thi Nhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Virus Variant ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Hemagglutinin Inhibition

To cause a pandemic, an influenza virus has to overcome two main barriers. First, the virus has to be antigenically new to humans. Second, the virus has to be directly transmitted from humans to humans. Thus, if the avian influenza virus is able to pass the second barrier, it could cause a pandemic, since there is no immunity to avian influenza in the human population. To determine whether the adaptation process is ongoing, analyses of human sera could be conducted in populations inhabiting regions where pandemic virus variant emergence is highly possible. This study aimed to analyze the sera of Vietnamese residents using hemagglutinin inhibition reaction (HI) and microneutralization (MN) with A/H5Nx (clade 2.3.4.4) influenza viruses isolated in Vietnam and the Russian Federation in 2017–2018. In this study, we used sera from 295 residents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam collected from three groups: 52 samples were collected from households in Nam Dinh province, where poultry deaths have been reported (2017); 96 (2017) and 147 (2018) samples were collected from patients with somatic but not infectious diseases in Hanoi. In all, 65 serum samples were positive for HI, at least to one H5 virus used in the study. In MN, 47 serum samples neutralizing one or two viruses at dilutions of 1/40 or higher were identified. We postulate that the rapidly evolving A/H5Nx (clade 2.3.4.4) influenza virus is possibly gradually adapting to the human host, insofar as healthy individuals have antibodies to a wide spectrum of variants of that subtype.

scholarly journals Antibody responses to avian influenza viruses in wild birds broaden with age

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1845) ◽  
pp. 20162159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Hill ◽  
Ruth J. Manvell ◽  
Bodo Schulenburg ◽  
Wendy Shell ◽  
Paul S. Wikramaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathogenic H5n1

For viruses such as avian influenza, immunity within a host population can drive the emergence of new strains by selecting for viruses with novel antigens that avoid immune recognition. The accumulation of acquired immunity with age is hypothesized to affect how influenza viruses emerge and spread in species of different lifespans. Despite its importance for understanding the behaviour of avian influenza viruses, little is known about age-related accumulation of immunity in the virus's primary reservoir, wild birds. To address this, we studied the age structure of immune responses to avian influenza virus in a wild swan population ( Cygnus olor ), before and after the population experienced an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in 2008. We performed haemagglutination inhibition assays on sampled sera for five avian influenza strains and show that breadth of response accumulates with age. The observed age-related distribution of antibody responses to avian influenza strains may explain the age-dependent mortality observed during the highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak. Age structures and species lifespan are probably important determinants of viral epidemiology and virulence in birds.

scholarly journals Transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks is significantly reduced by a genetically distant H5N2 vaccine

Virology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 382 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanet A. van der Goot ◽  
Michiel van Boven ◽  
Arjan Stegeman ◽  
Sandra G.P. van de Water ◽  
Mart C.M. de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Avian Influenza H5n1 ◽  
Influenza H5n1

scholarly journals Identification the Presence of Clade 2.3.2.1c-Avian Influenza H5N1, a Highly Pathogenic Virus in Iraq, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Furkan Alaraji ◽  
Hussam Muhsen ◽  
Abdullah O. Alhatami ◽  
Yahia Ismail Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Hpai H5n1 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Clade 2.3.2.1C ◽  
Influenza H5n1

Abstract For the first time in Iraq, we identified in March, 2018 the presence of a highly virulent avian influenza virus (AIV), H5N1 (Clade 2.3.2.1c), causing highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry farms, Iraq,. The identification of the virus was done using a rapid serological test, a real time-qPCR, and glycoprotein gene sequencing. Using sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, the clade 2.3.2.1c virus was recorded to be clustered, with high similarity to Asian and West African AIV, HPAI H5N1 from Ivory Coast identified in 2015. According to our knowledge, there was no previous detection of the clade 2.3.2.1c made in Iraq. Our results provide evidence that high risk of HPAI H5 outbreaks might be present in Iraq, and this needs to lead to high quality surveillance targeting of wild and domestic birds for early diagnosis of HPAI. The current work provides feasible and accurate approaches for understanding the evolution of HPAI H5 virus in different countries around the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document