Effectiveness Comparison Between Young Leaf Extracts Acacia nilotica with Desmanthus virgatus Against Vermicidal Potency of Haemonchus contortus In-vitro

Acacia nillotica and Desmanthus virgatus are two entopharmacologycal plants that thrives throughout the season in East Nusa Tenggara Province, other Provinces in Indonesia or tropical countries. Extraction of young leaves of Acacia nillotica (EDMAN) and Desmanthus virgatus (EDMDV) contains tannin compound. By pharmacodynamic viewpoint, this extraction has potency as an anthelmintic. Objective: to compare the in-vitro effectivity of young leaves extraction of the two plants as a vermicidal power to combat Haemonchus contortus. Materials: young leaves of Acacia nillotica and Desmanthus virgatus and Haemonchus contortus. Method: The study was grouped into four treatments: EDMAN, EDMDV, Positive control (Albendazole 0,055%) and negative control (aquades). The concentration of the young leaves extracts are 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% out of 0.01 g/mL of extraction. Each treatment was applied to 6 female Haemonchus contortus with four replicates allowing immersion time for 1, 3, 5 or 7 hours. Variable measured and tested was mortality of the H. contortus. The vermicidal effectively was descriptively analysed. The results showed that mortality percentage (vermicidal) treatment of 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% EDMAN for 7-hour immersion was 16.7%, 45.8%, 12.5%, respectively. That values for EDMDV for similar concentrations and immersion time was 50%, 33.3%, 12.5%, respectively. Conclusion: EDMDV has a more effective vermicidal power between the two etnopharmacological treatments at 2.5% concentration.

Evaluasi Pemberian Obat Diminazene Aceturate Secara In Vivo Pada Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinfeksi Isolat Trypanosoma evansi

Surra's disease is caused by Trypanosoma evansi parasite has been established as one of the strategic infectious animal diseases. Drug resistance in this case is one of the major challenges in handle and control them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the provision drug resistance diminazene aceturate (Tryponil®) on Trypanosoma evansi isolate from Pemalang and Brebes Central Java province with in vivo test in mice. Total 50 mice, BALB / c strain, male, 2 months, body weight ± 30 gram are obtained from LPPT-UGM, adapted for one week. Mice were divided into 10 groups consist of 5 each. Each mouse was infected with Trypanosoma evansi by intraperitonial route. Treatment was given when mice had reached the level of parasitemia 108 – 109 trypanosoma / mL of blood this was predicted 24 hours post-infection (Eisler et al., 2001). The administration of the drug tryapanosidal was done intraperitonial with doses 1mg/kg, 3mg / kg, 5 mg / kg and 7mg / kg. Observation of parasitemia did every 2 times in one week till 60 days of observation. Parasitemia observation was performed using 3 techniques. The first method was native examination used a microscope, if the negative results would be followed by MHCT (Microhaematocrit centrifugation Technique) and BCT (Buffy Coat Technique) according to OIE (2012). Data obtained from the treatment group were the level of parasitemia, the number of deaths and the number of live mice from each test dose. The results are analysed by standard logit or probit. The results of this study showed the effects of the drug Dimianzene aceturate on both isolates varied. On Brebes Isolate was effective at doses of 7 mg / kg BW (100%) and 5mg / kg BW (80%), whereas in the effective dose Pemalang isolate at 3 mg dose / kg BW (80%), 5 and 7 mg / kg BW (100%). While at the lowest dose of 1 mg / kg obtained a level of effectiveness of 0% in both isolates. It could be concluded that both isolates have different pathogens and indicate resistance subpopulation to diminazene aceturate.Keywords : diminazene aceturate, in vivo, resistance, Trypanosoma evansi.

POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ALGA HIJAU Halimeda makroloba Decaisne DARI PERAIRAN DESA HUTUMURI KOTA AMBON

Perkembangan penggunaan obat-obatan tradisional untuk membantu meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat sudah cukup meluas, salah satu tumbuhan yang sering digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan yaitu alga hijau, penggunaan alga hijau karena memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, namun isolasi senyawa aktif dari alga hijau yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri masih jarang dilakukan, salah satunya Halimeda makroloba Decaisne sehingga perlu dilakukuan isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa yang aktif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri ekstrak alga hijau Halimeda makroloba Decaisne dari perairan Desa Hutumuri Kota Ambon dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu proses pengambilan sampel, proses ekstraksi, proses uji fitokimia uji daya hambat bakteri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian uji fitokimia menunjukan bahwa ekstrak alga hijau Halimeda makroloba Decaisne kandungan senyawa Alkoloid, Flavonoid, Terpenoid, Fenolik, dan saponin yang berperan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Kemampuan ekstrak alga hijau Halimeda makroloba Decaisne dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80%, dan Kemampuan ekstrak dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 60% dan 80%.

Test the Activity of the Juice and Infusion of Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) againts Ascaridia galli worms in Vitro

Kebar grass contains active compounds that can be used as herbal ingredients in the treatment of diseases. This study was conducted to test the anthelmintic activity of grass kebar against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. This study uses Kebar grass juice and infusion with a concentration of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, and 4 repetitions. Each level of the experiment is placed in each cup containing 25 ml of solution and 5 worms. Worm mortality is recorded every 2 hours. The results showed that the juice and infusion of kebar grass were concentrations of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% capable of killing worms with a mean time on the juice of Kebar grass respectively 9.5; 8; 7.5; 7 hours, and the average time for Kebar grass infusion is 9.5; 8.5; 8; 7.5 hours. The immersion time is a good variable to explain the variable of worm death at each concentration of treatment. There is an anthelmintic effect on grass juice and infuse kebar grass against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. The duration of soaking and the concentration of juice and infusion of Kebar grass in this study had a significant effect on the mortality of worms. It was concluded that the juice and grass infuse kebar(Biophytum Petersianum Klotzsch) have anthelmintic effect against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. Concentration Kebar grass juice and infuse kebar is increasing, then the shorter the time it takes to kill the worms Ascaridia galli in vitro.

Potensi Tepung Magot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Agen Antibakteri dan Immunomodulator Pakan Ternak Unggas secara In vitro

Tepung Magot dalam pakan unggas tidak hanya dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber protein namun juga diharapkan memiliki efek antibakterial dan immunomodulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode in vitro untuk mengetahui efek antimikrobial dan immunomodulator tepung magot. Uji sensitivitas dilakukan dengan metode disc difusi agar, uji aktivitas fagositosis diamati pada makrofag peritoneum mencit Balb-C jantan berumur 8 minggu terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), serta uji tantang S. aureus terhadap tepung magot dilihat di bawah scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data hasil uji sensitivitas dan pengamatan dengan teknik SEM dilaporkan secara deskriptif. Perbedaan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag antar perlakuan diuji dengan analisis varian satu arah dengan uji lanjut honestly significant difference (HSD) Berdasar hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tepung memiliki 38,22% kandungan protein dengan profil asam amino yang lengkap. Kandungan asam amino tertinggi pada tepung magot adalah (7685,84 mg/kg), aspartat (5864,19 mg/kg), leusin (5034,31 mg/kg). Asam lemak esensial yang terkandung pada tepung magot adalah asam laurat (13,39%) Hasil uji sensitivitas diketahui tepung magot tidak memberikan zona hambat pada bakteri S. aureus. Introduksi tepung magot pada fagositosis secara in vitro dapat meningkatkan kinerja makrofag dengan perannya seperti opsonin berdasar pengamatan SEM. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tepung magot potensial digunakan sebagai imunomodulator natural dan pengganti protein pakan unggas.

Penyebaran Penyakit Brucellosis di Wilayah Koasistensi Administrasi Dinas dan Kesmavet

Brucellosis is a Brucella bacterial infectious disease that is spread from animals to humans, generally through consumption of milk, especially unpasteurized milk, or other dairy products. Veterinary public health has an important role in preventing transmission of disease to humans through both animals and foodstuffs of animal origin or other animal origin ingredients. Brucellosis is one of the problems often faced by the Animal Husbandry Department, especially at the Animal Health Unit. Handling and controlling about Brucellosis is very vital to maintain animal health and reduce the level of economic losses of farmers due to Brucellosis experienced by livestock owned. This study aims to determine the spread of Brucellosis disease by mapping in the Administrative and Service Coordination areas, to know the handling and control actions carried out by the Animal Husbandry Service throughout the implementation of the Administrative Coordination Office and Veterinary Public Health. The results of the mapping of the spread of Brucellosis in the District of Veterinary Public Health and Public Service Administration Coordination can be divided into 3 groups with the number of cases <10, 10 - 66, and> 66. The number of cases between the range of 10 - 66 there are 3 regions, while the number of cases> 66 there are 2 regions. Keywords : Brucellosis; Mapping; Handling and Control; Descriptive Statistics

Kepincangan Akibat Kuku Abnormal Sapi Perah di Kandang dengan Alas Karet dan Beton

Kepincangan pada sapi perah yang dapat diebabkan kuku abnormal dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dan produksi susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kasus kepincangan akibat kuku abnormal pada sapi perah yang dipelihara di kandang dengan alas karet dan beton. Penelitian ini menggunakan 104 ekor sapi perah dari 23 peternak, yang terdiri dari 72 ekor dipelihara dengan alas kandang karet dan 32 beton. Semua sapi diperiksa kukunya, kemampuan berdiri dan berjalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kasus kuku abnormal sebanyak 26 dari 105 ekor sapi (25%) yang terdiri dari 16/72 ekor (22,2%) pada kandang alas karet dan 10/32 ekor (31,3%) pada kandang alas beton. Kondisi kuku tersebut menyebabkan sebanyak 8 ekor sapi (30,8%) kesulitan berdiri atau kesulitan berjalan dan (69,2%) masih dapat berdiri dan berjalan dengan normal. Sebanyak 6/16 ekor (37,5%) sapi pada kandang alas karet dan 2/10 ekor (20%) sapi pada kandang alas beton menunjukkan kesulitan berdiri dan berjalan. Abnormalitas kuku pada penelitian ini kemungkinan disebabkan kuku tidak dipotong tepat waktu karena peternak kurang berpengalaman. Kesimpulan dari peneltian ini adalah prevalensi problem kuku abnormal adalah 25% yang didapatkan lebih banyak terjadi pada kandang alas beton. Kepincangan akibat kuku abnormal terjadi pada 30,8% sapi perah kuku abnormal dan kejadian didapatkan lebih banyak pada sapi yang dipelihara di kandang dengan alas karet.

Estimasi Kadar Air Daging Sapi Berdasarkan Luas Area Jejak Air Daging Fresh Meat Water Estimate Based On Meat Water Stain Area

Daging sapi mengandung protein tinggi, zat besi, seng, selenium, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niasin, fosfor, dan asam amino esensial yang dibutuhkan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kadar air daging sapi berdasarkan jejak air daging pada kertas. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengantisipasi pemalsuan daging (gelonggongan). Sebanyak 10 sampel daging bagian silrloin sberat 250gram diambil dari individu berbeda yang telah dipastikan dalam kondisi sehat dan normal dan dipotong di RPH. Daging dibawa dengan kotak pendingin dari ke laboratorium. Sebanyak 100gram daging diuji proksimat dan lima (5) gram untuk uji tekan dengan berat beban sebagai perlakuan yaitu 0,5 kg dan 2 kg selama 5 menit di atas kertas di kertas saring Whatmann no 1. Luas area jejak air daging pada kertas diukur menggunakan planimeter (Planix-5, Tamaya®, Jepang). Data luas area jejak air daging hasil uji tekan dan kadar air hasil uji proksimat dianalisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan kandungan nutrisi daging yaitu kadar air -rata 74,16±1,11%, kadar abu 0,98 ± 0,09%, kadar protein 19,38±1,47%, dan kadar lemak 3,98±2,86%. Rerata luas jejak air daging menggunakan beban 0,5 kg adalah 27,03±14,3 cm2, dan persamaan linier yang dihasilkan kadar air daging (Y)= 72,925+0,046 (P>0,05), sedangakan dengan beban 2 kg menghasilkan luas rata-rata 43,37±15,67 cm2, dan persamaan linier Y = 71,573 + 0,059X (P<0,05). Berdasarkan persamaan linier dengan beban 2 kg maka kisaran luas jejak air untuk daging normal diperoleh dari 1-143 cm2 dengan perkiraan kadar air 71,63-80,01%.

Penilaian Risiko Kualitatif Masuknya Rabies Melalui Pergerakan Anjing dari Provinsi Jawa Barat ke Kota Surakarta

Abstrak Lalu lintas anjing dari daerah tertular rabies ke daerah bebas rabies masih terjadi di Indonesia. Hal ini menjadi salah satu pemicu terhadap munculnya kasus rabies di daerah bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian risiko kualitatif kemungkinan masuknya rabies melalui pergerakan anjing konsumsi dari Jawa Barat ke Kota Surakarta, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara, kuesioner, pendapat pakar, dan observasi langsung di lapangan. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui kajian literatur, penelusuran publikasi ilmiah, dan dokumen dari instansi berwenang yang tidak dipublikasikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian pelepasan dari daerah asal anjing adalah “sedang” dengan ketidakpastian rendah. Tingkat kejadian rabies pada hewan di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2019 sebesar 3,1%. Penilaian pendedahan adalah “tinggi” dengan ketidakpastian rendah karena frekuensi pengiriman anjing konsumsi dari Jawa Barat dilakukan setiap hari. Penilaian dampak adalah “tinggi” dengan ketidakpastian rendah karena ada dampak tunggal yang masuk dalam kategori signifikan di tingkat nasional. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penilaian risiko kualitatif masuknya rabies ke Kota Surakarta adalah tinggi dengan ketidakpastian rendah. Evaluasi kemungkinan kualitatif dapat mempertimbangkan tingkat kejadian rabies daerah asal dan frekuensi pengiriman anjing konsumsi setiap hari yang merupakan masalah penting risiko masuknya rabies.

Suplemen Calcitriol Dosis Tinggi Mencegah Osteoporosis dan Memicu Urolitiasis pada Tikus Ovariektomi

Calcitriol supplementation in ovariectomized rats for 8 weeks reduce osteoporosis risk and safe for kidney depend a proper dose. The objective of the research was to study the efectivity of high dose calcitriol for osteoporosis prevention and safe for kidney in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Fifteen female Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into three groups of five which were sham operated rats (KN), ovariectomized rats (KOV), and ovariectomized rats+calcitriol supplementation 200ng/day (OVD200). After 8 weeks of treatment, blood samples were taken from plexus orbitalis medialis for estrogen analysis. All rats were then euthanized, left tibia and left kidney were taken for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Immunohistochemistry using anti TRAP5b monoclonal antibody was also done for left tibia by streptavidin-biotin. The results showed that estradiol level of KOV was significantly decreased compared with KN (P<0.05), meanwhile, estradiol levels of OVD200 were not significantly different compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of kidney in KOV was not different compared with KN. Glomerulus was surrounded by Bowman‘s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubulus were lined with typical cuboidal epithelium. Immunohistochemistry result of proximal tibial epiphysis in KOV were shown more tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) expression in trabecular bone, which was located in bone marrow space, and trabecular speculum surface as well. Meanwhile, proximal tibia epiphysis in OVD200 had less tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) expression compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of proximal tibia epiphysis in group OVD200 was shown more trabecular bone speculum and less adipocyte in the bone marrow compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of kidney in OVD200 was showed glomerular hypertrophy and atrophy, as well as protein deposits in proximal convoluted tubules epithelium. In conclusion, calcitriol supplementation 200ng/day in ovariectomized rats for 8 weeks prevented osteoporosis risk but trigger urolithiasis. Key words : : Calcitriol, osteoporosis, ovariectomized rats, urolithiasis