DRUG UTILIZATION STUDY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN A GOVERNMENT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MAHARASHTRA

Objective: Drug utilization research is an essential part of pharmacoepidemiology as it describes the extent, nature, and determinants of drug exposure. Indiscriminate use of topical antibiotics, steroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs causes histological and structural changes in the conjunctiva. The present study was proposed to investigate prescription and drug utilization practices in ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) in a government tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra.Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital of rural Maharashtra, India, from January 2015 to June 2016 after approval of the institutional ethics committee. Patients of all age group and of either gender attending ophthalmology OPD in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Patients not willing to consent as well as follow-up patients were excluded from the study. Data collection was done in a predesigned pro forma. Prescriptions were evaluated for demographic data, World Health Organization (WHO) core drug prescription indicators. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel® 2007.Results: In a total of 600 patients, females outnumbered males. A bit less than a half of patients belonged to the age group of 19–45 years. An average number of drugs per encounter was (1080/600), i.e. 1.8. Of 1080 total drugs prescribed, 678 drugs (62.78%) were prescribed by their generic name. 1027/1080 (95.09%) drugs were prescribed from the National List of Essential Medicines and 671/1080 (62.13%) drugs prescribed were from the WHO- Essential medicines List. Total encounters having antibiotics and injectable formulations were 274 (45.66%) and 4 (0.66%), respectively.Discussion: Drug utilization studies (DUS) are a tool for assessing the prescribing, dispensing, and distribution of drugs. The main aim of DUS is to facilitate rational use of medicines. Overall findings of the study suggest that ophthalmologists’ drug prescribing habits were appropriate to a larger extent in the current setting.

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Study of drug prescription pattern and adverse drug reaction monitoring in patients with hypertension and diabetes visiting outpatient department in a government tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1430

Author(s):

Rucha M. Shinde ◽

Anand S. Kale ◽

Mahadeo P. Sawant

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Brand Names ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Prescribing Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Drug utilization study is an important tool to study the clinical use of drugs and its impact on healthcare system. DUS in patients with HTN and DM is essential to observe the changing prescribing attitude of physicians with the aim to promote rational use of drugs and to minimize the adverse drug reactions.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on randomly selected patients attending medicine outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital. Drug prescription sheets of 600 patients were studied for 18 months from January 2016 to June 2017 and the prescribing pattern was analysed using the World Health Organization basic drug indicators.Results: Total 2029 drugs were prescribed to 600 patients that belonged to various classes. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.4. Majority (61.5%) drugs were prescribed using generic names. Percentage encounters with the antibiotics and injections were 6.3 and 11.5 per cent respectively. 38% drugs were prescribed from the 20th edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. PDD in the current study was found to be significantly less than WHO DDD in all drugs. All of the prescriptions in the present study conformed to WHO guidelines and majority of them with JNC VIII guidelines.Conclusions: The findings of this study are comparable to those of other studies. However, there is a scope of improvement in areas such as overdosing, prescribing more by generic names instead of brand names and from WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

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DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS ATTENDING OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT AT RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MAHARASHTRA.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15683 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 314

Author(s):

Tushar B Nishandar ◽

Anand S Kale ◽

Harshal N Pise

Keyword(s):

Drug Utilization ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Drug Prescribing ◽

Prescription Pattern

Objective: To observe a prescription pattern in elderly patients attending outpatient department (OPD) and evaluating prescriptions according to theWorld Health Organization (WHO) prescription indicators.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July to September 2015. Patients of either gender, age 60 years or more, attending OPD in tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Prescriptions of medical practitioners were collected and evaluated for demographic data and the WHO drug prescribing indicators.Results: A total of 600 patients were enrolled in the study. The majority of the patients were in the age group 60-69 years (66.33%) with male preponderance (61%). The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.41. Out of 2045 drugs prescribed, 1261 drugs (61.66%) were prescribed by their generic name and 784 drugs (38.33%) were prescribed by their brand name. 1700 drugs (83.12%) prescribed were from the WHOs essential medicines list 2015. Total encounters involving injectable usage were 0.15%. Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system (21.12%) were the most frequently prescribed, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (20%). Ranitidine (16.62%) is the most frequently prescribed drug. Conclusions: In this study, drug prescription pattern was rational as per the WHO drug prescribing indicators. However, issues such as polypharmacy and inaccuracies of dose and duration were seen.Keywords: Drug utilization study, Geriatric, Outpatient department, Rational use of medicines.

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DRUG UTILIZATION AND PRESCRIBING PATTERN ANALYSIS IN ORTHOPAEDIC OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i6.41474 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 121-124

Author(s):

DHIVYA K ◽

SHIVA SHANKARI R ◽

MOHAMMED ZULKARNANE A ◽

GAUTAM R

Keyword(s):

Drug Utilization ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

World Health ◽

Case Report Form ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Prescribing Pattern ◽

Prescribing Behavior

Objective: The objective of conducting prescribing pattern study is to monitor, evaluate, and if necessary, recommend modifications in the prescribing behavior of medical practitioners. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the drug utilization and prescribing pattern of drugs in orthopedic outpatient department (OPD). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the orthopedic OPD of tertiary care hospital for a period of 3 months. Data were obtained from the prescriptions through one-to-one interviews and recorded in a separately designed case report form. Results: Out of the 260 patients enrolled in the study, 181 were female and 79 were male. The patients between the ages of 50 and 60 years constituted the higher number with a mean age of 52.2 years. The total number of drugs prescribed in the analyzed prescriptions was 1012 which includes orthopedic drugs as well as drugs prescribed to treat various comorbidities. The World Health organization drug prescribing indicators were used to assess the appropriate use of drugs. Conclusion: Our study concludes that drug utilization and prescribing quality should be improved by promoting medical education on current updates. The periodic audit should be conducted by a clinical pharmacist to reduce an error in the prescription as well as to check the compliance of prescription with standard treatment guidelines for rationalizing the therapy.

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Antimicrobial Utilization in Wound Infections in Tertiary Care Hospital

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1357 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 159-165

Author(s):

Ramya Rachamanti ◽

V. Prem kumar ◽

M. C. Das ◽

Manam Mani Srikanth ◽

M. Lakshmi Shravanthi

Keyword(s):

Drug Utilization ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Study Data ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional

To identify the utilization pattern of antimicrobials in patients with suspected wound infections and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) according to WHO (World Health Organization) drug utilization indicators.This is a cross-sectional, record based study conducted in a tertiary care hospital after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee approval. Patients of all ages admitted into N.R.I hospital between June to October 2017 suspected of wound and SSTIs were included in this study. Data of patients was collected from Medical records Department of the hospital. Analysis was done on 100 patients basing on inclusion criteria. Wound infections and SSTIs were found to be more common in males and in age group below 35 yrs. The major co-morbid conditions associated were diabetes and hypertension. Evaluation of prescriptions based on WHO drug utilization indicators showed that a total 201 antimicrobials were prescribed for 100 patients irrespective of positive or negative culture. Among antimicrobials, 31.8% were prescribed by their generic name.42.78 % were in the form of injections. 94.51 % of antimicrobials were in the National list of essential medicines 2015. Average duration of treatment given was for 7±3 days in the hospital. All the patients recovered well and got discharged. None of the patients died during the treatment among these 100 patients. The results obtained will be useful for implementing the modifications in the prescription for betterment of the patients and for the community.

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Prescribing patterns of cardiovascular drugs in cardiology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Western Odisha

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20205533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ayan Roy ◽

Nayan Kumar Patel

Keyword(s):

Drug Utilization ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cardiovascular Drugs ◽

Prescribing Patterns ◽

World Health ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Common Diagnosis

Background: Cardiovascular morbidity plays a villainous role globally as well as countries like India. Additionally, irrational prescription incurs greater damage to health and wellbeing. Drug utilization studies scrutinize the appropriateness of treatment and provide favorable feedbacks to strengthen clinical practices. The objective of the study was to describe treatment practices in cardiology outpatient and drug utilization pattern using core prescribing indicators by World Health Organization (WHO).Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study of 4-month duration was undertaken for cardiology Outdoor patients at a tertiary care hospital. 615 prescriptions were screened and analyzed.Results: Males (59.84%) were more in number than females (40.16%). Average number of the prescribed drugs per patient were 4.32±2.7 and (3.73±1.1 for cardiovascular drugs). Generic prescription was 60.98%. Percentage encounters with antibiotics 4.11, injectables 2.92%, fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) (11.8%) were documented. Drugs from the National List of Essential Medicines were 75.89%. The most common diagnosis was ischemic heart disease (68.29%). Hypolipidemics (78.25%) followed by antiplatelets (71.14%) were toppers in cardiovascular drug. Antiulcer drugs (PPI/Antacids) comprised 58.54% of total prescriptions.Conclusions: Less adherence to EDL, less generic prescriptions, use of FDC are major shortcomings. Areas to further rationalization like optimal use of evidence based medication like beta-blockers, newer anticoagulants/anti-platelet agents and newer anti-anginal agents are identified.

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Drug utilization study in diabetic patients attending medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries ◽

10.1007/s13410-014-0224-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Satish D. Suthar ◽

Nirav K. Dholaria ◽

Dinesh A. Chavda ◽

Jiyo Chacko ◽

Nishant B. Bhansali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Utilization ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Drug Utilization Study

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Prevalence of paediatric dermatoses among patients attending Dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20183160 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 368

Author(s):

Varsha Medasani ◽

Paquirissamy Oudeacoumar ◽

Rao Chitralekhya ◽

Saurabh Krishna Misra

Keyword(s):

Dietary Habits ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Pigmentary Disorders

Background: Skin diseases are a major health problem in the paediatric age group and are associated with significant morbidity. Dermatoses in children are more influenced by socioeconomic status, dietary habits, climatic exposure and external environment as compared to adults. The present study was undertaken to know the prevalence of paediatric dermatoses among patients attending Dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry.Methods: All newly diagnosed, untreated male and female paediatric patients (from neonates to adolescents ≤19 years of age) attending Dermatology OPD, from October 2015 to September 2017 were evaluated to study the prevalence and patterns of paediatric dermatoses. The skin disorders were classified into groups like infections, infestations, eczemas, acne, hypersensitivity disorders, sweat gland disorders, pigmentary disorders, nevi, keratinisation disorders, hair and scalp disorders, papulosquamous disorders, bullous disorders, nail disorders, drug reactions, other dermatoses.Results: The prevalence of pediatric dermatoses in our OPD is 25.21%. Incidence of pediatric dermatoses was found to be more in males 237 (59.39%) than in females 162 (40.60%) and the majority of the patients were in adolescent age group (217; 54.38%). Present study showed that majority of cases belonged to the lower socioeconomic group 186(46.6 %). In our study, majority (58.98%) of dermatoses belonged to infections and infestations group. Of the infective dermatoses, fungal infections (27.88%) were the most common.Conclusions: Infectious dermatoses were commonly seen in this study that may be due to poverty, overcrowding, poor hygiene. There is an increasing trend of fungal infections which might be related to hygiene and environment.

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Antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a retrospective study of drug utilization pattern in outpatient department of psychiatry at a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175694 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Usharani H. Patted ◽

Hema N. G. ◽

Anil Kumar Mysore Nagaraj

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Drug Utilization ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Burden Of Illness ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Prescribing Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Psychiatric disorders are one of the major causes of morbidity and the burden of illness is enormous and remains grossly under represented. Psychotropic drugs have had a remarkable impact in psychiatric practice. Currently a large number of atypical antipsychotics available in the market are endorsed as better options for treating schizophrenia than the typical antipsychotics. The main objective of the study was to find the commonly prescribed antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care center.Methods: After Institutional Ethics Committee approval, a retrospective cross-sectional drug utilization study of 400 prescriptions was under taken from 1st July 2015 to 30th July 2016 in the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital. The prescribing pattern of antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients (N=107) was measured.Results: Out of 400 cases in the outpatient department, schizophrenia cases were predominant (N=107 i.e. 27%) out of which 42.1% were females and 57.9% were males. This was followed by mood disorders and neurotic & somatoform disorders. The most common antipsychotic used was olanzapine followed by risperidone. Least commonly used antipsychotic was haloperidol. Most of the patients who received risperidone also received an anticholinergic trihexyphenidyl (91.8%).Conclusions: Olanzapine and risperidone are the most commonly used antipsychotics. Anticholinergics should be used only in selected patients on antipsychotics as tolerance develops to extrapyramidal side effects. Anticholinergics are unnecessary after 3-6 months in all except 10% of patients. Moreover, it has its own side effects and adversely interacts with antipsychotics.

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Study of drug prescription pattern in diarrhoea patients admitted to paediatric ward in a government tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1403

Author(s):

Vinod S. Deshmukh ◽

Swapnil P. Chube

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Brand Names ◽

World Health ◽

Inappropriate Drug ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Paediatric Ward ◽

Prescribing Pattern ◽

Prescribing Trends

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has defined diarrhoea as, ‘the passage of loose stools by an individual, at least thrice a day or more frequently than normal’. It is most commonly caused by intestinal infection, mainly viral. Every year there are about 2 billion cases of diarrhoea worldwide, a second leading cause of mortality in children below the age of 5 years. WHO estimated that antibiotic treatment was necessary in only one in twenty cases of childhood diarrhoea. Yet huge resources are currently spent on anti-diarrhoeal drugs annually, most rendered useless or harmful. This study was proposed to evaluate the utilization pattern of drugs prescribed for diarrhoea in children, in a government tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the paediatric ward of government tertiary care hospital, Maharashtra. All patients of age less than twelve years with diarrhoea admitted to paediatric ward within the study period of January 2015 - June 2016 were included in the study. Patients older than twelve years or admitted with other gastrointestinal diseases or co-mordbid conditions were excluded. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics.Results: Majority of the patients admitted were males and more than half the patient population were in the age group of less than or equal to 3 years. Polypharmacy was found to be present in the prescribing pattern, with average, more than 4 drugs prescribed for diarrhoea treatment, in each prescription. Majority drugs were prescribed using brand names and parenteral route. Use of antibiotics was also found to be inappropriate in majority of the cases.Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of drug utilisation studies and pointed out inappropriate drug prescribing trends for diarrhoea cases in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra.

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