Effect of scarification methods on different forest seeds

Objetivou-se revisar e propor o protocolo de viabilidade das sementes da Bertholletia excelsa pelo teste de tetrazólio. Sementes oriundas de plantio comercial propagado por enxertia com 16 anos de idade implantadas na Fazenda Iracema em Cláudia, MT, foram destegumentadas e cortadas longitudinalmente, depois foram hidratadas em água por imersão direta (ID) e papel toalha Germitest® (PG) por 24 e 48 h e embebidas nas concentrações de 0,1 e 0,5% do sal de tetrazólio por 12 e 24 h no escuro à 30 °C. O delineamento experimental foi completamente randomizado em fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (forma de embebição x tempo em embebição x tempo em solução de tetrazólio x concentração da solução de tetrazólio) com quatro repetições de 8 sementes. O teste de tetrazólio foi eficiente para colorir e identificar as sementes viáveis e inviáveis. A avaliação da viabilidade das sementes da B. excelsa destegumentadas e partidas ao meio foi melhor na condição de embebição com imersão direta em água por 24 h e concentração de 0,5% do sal tetrazólio por 24 h à 30 °C e embebição em papel toalha Germitest® por 24 h e concentração de 0,5% do sal tetrazólio por 12 h à 30 °C.Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa Humb. Bonpl; potencial fisiológico; sementes florestais; recalcitrância. VIABILITY OF BRAZIL NUTS SEEDS BY TETRAZOLIUM TEST ABSTRACT: The objective was to review and propose the protocol of viability of Bertholletia excelsa seeds by tetrazolium test. Seeds from the commercial planting propagated by grafting with 16-year-old implanted at Fazenda Iracema in Cláudia, MT, were undegumented and cut longitudinally, then hydrated in water by direct immersion (ID) and Germitest® paper towel (PG) for 24 and 48 h and soaked in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% of tetrazolium salt for 12 and 24 h in the dark at 30 ° C. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (soaking form x soaking time x time in tetrazolium solution x tetrazolium solution concentration) with four replications of 8 seeds. The tetrazolium test was efficient to color and identify viable and unviable seeds. The evaluation of viability of detegumented and cut longitudinally B. excelsa seeds was better in: direct soaking in water for 24 h and concentration of 0.5% of tetrazolium salt for 24 h at 30 ° C and soaking in Germitest® paper towels for 24 h and a concentration of 0.5% of the tetrazolium salt for 12 h at 30 ° C.Keywords: Bertholletia excelsa Humb. Bonpl; physiological potential; forest seeds; recalcitrance.

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ASPECTOS BIOMÉTRICOS E MORFOLÓGICOS DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Schinopsis brasiliensis

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i3.4709 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Jania Claudia Camilo dos Santos ◽

Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva ◽

Renato Nunes Costa ◽

Carlos Humberto Da Silva ◽

Wilton Da Silva Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Measured Data ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Environmental Restoration ◽

Biometric Data ◽

Water Imbibition ◽

Morphological Aspects ◽

Length Width ◽

Forest Seeds

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biometria e morfologia de S. brasiliensis, visando identificar características que auxiliem no uso e propagação dessa espécie da Caatinga em programa de restauração ambiental. Os dados biométricos foram obtidos a partir de 1000 frutos e 1000 sementes. Foram medidos o comprimento, largura, espessura e massa de frutos e sementes. Os dados foram ajustados utilizando a estatística descritiva e teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Para a descrição morfológica dos frutos, foram relatadas observações sobre os aspectos externos e internos do pericarpo, consistência da casca, coloração, brilho, forma e deiscência. Já as descrições morfológicas externa das sementes foram feitas observações sobre consistência, coloração, textura, forma e hilo. A caracterização biométrica de frutos e sementes de S. brasiliensis, possibilitou verificar a variação existente entre as classes biométricas através de histograma de frequência. Os frutos apresentam morfologia completa, em forma de sâmara, indeiscente e monospérmico. As sementes foram caracterizadas em oblongas e reniformes, envolvidas pelo endocarpo, resultando no pirênio, sendo esta a camada que dificulta o processo de embebição de água, a qual antecede a germinação, no entanto, esta camada é capaz de promover maior longevidade as sementes.Palavras-chave: análises biométricas, características morfológicas, sementes florestais, Caatinga. BIOMETRIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FRUITS AND SEEDS OF SCHINOPSIS BRASILIENSIS ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to evaluate the biometry and morphology of S. brasiliensis, aiming to identify traits that help in the use and propagation of this Caatinga species in an environmental restoration program. Biometric data were obtained from 1000 fruits and 1000 seeds. The length, width, thickness and mass of fruits and seeds were measured. Data were adjusted using descriptive statistics and Shapiro-Wilk test. For the fruits morphological description, observations on the external and internal traits of the pericarp, peel consistency, coloration, brightness, shape and dehiscence were reported. Already the external morphological descriptions of the seeds were made on consistency, color, texture, shape and thread. The biometric characterization of fruits and seeds of S. brasiliensis made it possible to verify the variation between the biometric classes through frequency histogram. The fruits presented complete morphology, in the form of a samara, indiscriminate and monospermic. The seeds were characterized in oblong and reniform, surrounded by the endocarp, resulting in the pyrenium, which is the layer that hinders the process of water imbibition, which precedes the germination, however this layer is able to promote greater longevity of the seeds.Keywords: biometric analyzes, morphological traits, forest seeds, Caatinga. DOI:

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PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NATIVE FOREST SEEDS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON DIRECT SEEDING FOR RESTORATION OF CILIARY FOREST

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v51i2.58181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Janisson Batista de Jesus ◽

Robério Anastácio Ferreira ◽

Dráuzio Correia Gama ◽

Maria Fernanda Oliveira Torres

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Native Forest ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Successful Recovery ◽

Physiological Attributes ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Forest Seeds

Knowing the relationship between the physical and physiological characteristics of native forest seeds is essential for the successful recovery of riparian forests. Thus, the work was carried out to analyze the physical and physiological parameters of seeds of native forest species for use in the recovery of riparian forests by direct seeding. Were evaluated the physical quality (water content, mass, the weight of one thousand seeds, and the number of seeds per kilogram), morphometric characteristics (length, width, and thickness), and physiological quality in the laboratory (viability) of Cassia grandis L.f., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., and Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya (Benth.) LPQueiroz. The experiment in the field was implanted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four blocks, testing seeds treated to overcome the four species dormancy. The direct sowing was in 10 planting lines, each composed of 10 pits (30 x 30 x 30 cm), spaced 2.0 x 1.0 m. E. contortisiliquum seeds, despite having the highest values for physical and morphometric characteristics, and having a high percentage of germination, was the species with the lowest percentage of emergence in the field, being below G. ulmifolia, which has seeds of smaller size and weight, and L. ferrea var. leiostachya which, despite having low germination, was the second with the highest percentage of emergence. The study allowed us to observe that there was no direct relationship between the physical and physiological attributes of forest seeds and their ability to emerge.

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DESENVOLVIMENTO DE Copaifera langsdorffii EM UMA ÁREA DE CERRADO EM REGENERAÇÃO SOB A INFLUÊNCIA DE Melinis minutiflora

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v40i2.17828 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Ribeirão de Freitas ◽

Maria Inês Salgueiro Lima

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Early Growth ◽

Brazilian Savanna ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Melinis Minutiflora ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

Copaifera Langsdorffii ◽

Forest Seeds ◽

Seeds Germination

Espécies invasoras podem interferir no desenvolvimento de plantas vizinhas pela produção de substâncias químicas e sua liberação no ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a interferência de Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. sobre a germinação e o crescimento de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Foram estabelecidos dois grupos experimentais: sementes e plantas jovens, que foram submetidas a dois tratamentos no campo, presença e ausência da gramínea. Foram demarcadas dez parcelas circulares de 4 m de diâmetro. Cada grupo de cinco parcelas foi submetido a um tratamento no campo, com e sem a influência da gramínea. Nas parcelas-controle o capim foi suprimido, e nas restantes foram feitos halos, mantendo-se discos de 2 m de diâmetro da gramínea no centro. A altura das plantas e a emergência das sementes de C. langsdorffii foram monitoradas a cada 20 dias, durante seis meses. As médias das emergências foram comparadas utilizando-se teste T, e o tamanho das plantas utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. A média de emergência das parcelas controle foi de 0,412 (± 0,85), e das parcelas com capim foi de 0,529 (± 1,34). O teste de Mann Whitney apresentou 72% de semelhança entre os tratamentos. Os resultados das comparações indicaram que não houve diferença significativa entre eles. Palavras-chave: Sementes florestais; germinação; alelopatia; gramínea; cerrado. Abstract Development of Copaifera langsdorffii in a savanna regeneration area under Melinis minutiflora influence. Invasive species can interfere in the development of neighboring plants through production and release of chemicals into the environment. This study aimed to test the interference of Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. on the germination and early growth of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. We established two experimental groups (seeds and young plants), which were submitted to two treatments in the field: presence or absence of grass. Ten circular plots with four meters of diameter were demarcated. Each group of five was subjected to one treatment on field, with and without grass influence. In the control, all the grass was abolished and in the remaining we made halos of 2 meters of diameter with grass in the center. The height of the plants and emergence seeds of de C. langsdorffii were monitored at every 20 days, during six months. The averages of emergency were compared using Test T and the size of plants used the de Mann-Whitney Test. The average of emergency of the control plots was 0.412 (±0.85) and the circles of grass was 0,529 (± 1.34). The Mann Whitney test showed 72% of similarity between the treatments. The comparison between the two treatments showed no significant differences.Keywords: Forest seeds Germination; Allelopathy; Grasses; Brazilian savanna.

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Endozoochorous dispersal of forest seeds by carnivorous mammals in Sierra Fría, Aguascalientes, Mexico

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.6113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 2991-3003

Author(s):

Fabián A. Rubalcava‐Castillo ◽

Joaquín Sosa‐Ramírez ◽

José J. Luna‐Ruíz ◽

Arturo G. Valdivia‐Flores ◽

Vicente Díaz‐Núñez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Seeds

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The Effect of Motion Time of a Scots Pine Single Seed on Mobile Optoelectronic Grader Efficiency: A Mathematical Patterning

Inventions ◽

10.3390/inventions4040055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arthur Novikov ◽

Michael Drapalyuk ◽

Olga Dornyak ◽

Vladimir Zelikov ◽

Vladan Ivetić

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

A Priori ◽

High Energy ◽

Radius Of Curvature ◽

Optical Scheme ◽

Single Seed ◽

Research Problems ◽

Forest Seeds

Research Highlights: Forest owners will be able to solve the problem of testing and selection of viable forest seeds on location and save financial, time, and material resources. The possibility of integrating non-destructive quality control and separation functions in a single portable apparatus is extremely promising. The speed of the contemporary optoelectronic grader is limited by the speed of the slowest component—the mechanical system. Background and Objectives: The technological process of forest seed establishment and design of optoelectronic graders is based on a priori mathematical modeling of structural characteristics, taking into account these criteria. Known models of industrial photoseparators are expensive and have a high energy and material consumption not applicable in the field. Laboratory seed analyzers are characterized by a long time exposure, and the overall size and level of climatic performance do not allow them to be used in the field. Consequently, for small amounts of seed treatment, it is necessary to orient the seeds one by one and ensure clear and rapid coordinated actions of optoelectronic and mechanical systems. The main goal of this research is to increase the efficiency of grading forest seeds by patterning the speed of the mobile device. We will answer the following questions. What are effective geometric parameters for the seed pipe? What factors affect the speed of a single seed’s movement? Materials and Methods: This study is based on mathematical modeling, taking into account the basic principles of mechanics, using MatLab software. Results: A mechanical model of a single Scots pine seed’s motion in different zones of the seed pipe is designed, taking into account air resistance. The effective height of the seed pipe, taking into account the response time of optoelectronic grader systems, is determined. Conclusions: The time and speed of single seed movement through grader systems depends on the seed pipe’s height and radius of curvature. Other things being equal, through the use of the same optical scheme with a microprocessor to solve various problems, the compactness of the photodetector scheme allows, if necessary, to upgrade the grader to solve research problems and for use in forestry.

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