scholarly journals Optimization of insecticidal potency of composites of aqueous, acetone, and ethanol extracts of Piper guineense seed on Callosobruchus maculatus by the simplex-lattice mixture experimental design

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190
Author(s):  
Ojimelukwe Phillippa ◽  
Udofia Patrick G ◽  
Anthony Ukom ◽  
Ukpe Richard
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Mixture Experimental Design

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

scholarly journals Prospects of botanical pesticides in management of Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) under laboratory and field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Amaka Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Milicia Excelsa ◽  
Contact Effects

Abstract Background Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field. Results All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field. Conclusion The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.

scholarly journals Slack-Variable Model in Mixture Experimental Design Applied to Wood Plastic Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Cruz-Salgado ◽  
Sergio Alonso Romero ◽  
Edgar Ruelas-Santoyo ◽  
Roxana Zaricell Bautista López ◽  
Sergio Álvarez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Slack Variable ◽  
Mixture Experimental Design

Effect of composition in the development of carbamazepine hot-melt extruded solid dispersions by application of mixture experimental design

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Djuris ◽  
Nikolakakis Ioannis ◽  
Svetlana Ibric ◽  
Zorica Djuric ◽  
Kyriakos Kachrimanis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Mixture Experimental Design ◽  
Hot Melt

scholarly journals BAYESIAN APPROACH TO THE D-OPTIMAL FOR MIXTURE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Uqwatul Alma Wizsa
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Potential Term ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Mixture Experimental Design ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Experimental Region

A mixture experiment is a special case of response surface methodology in which the value of the components are proportions. In case there are constraints on the proportions, the experimental region can be not a simplex. The classical designs such as a simplex-lattice design or a simplex-centroid design, in some cases, cannot fit to the problem. In this case, optimal design come up as a solution. A D-optimal design is seeking a design in which minimizing the covariance of the model parameter.  Some model parameters are important and some of them are less important. As the priority of the parameters, the prior information of parameters is needed in advance. This brings to a Bayesian D-optimal design. This research was focus on a baking experiment in which consisted of three ingredients with lower bounds on the proportion of the ingredients. The assumption model was a quadratic model. Due to the priority of the model parameters, the Bayesian D-optimal design was used to solve the problem. A point-exchange algorithm was developed to find the optimal design. Nineteen candidates is used to choose twelve design points. It found that the potential term is feasible to the actual model and design points represent overall points in the design area.

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