Imaging evaluation of the injured spinal column and spinal cord

2013 ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
David W Cadotte ◽  
David Mikulis ◽  
Michael G Fehlings
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Imaging Evaluation

scholarly journals Clinical, clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging findings in 14 dogs with suspected fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Z. S. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ.Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
D. KARNEZI (Δ. ΚΑΡΝΕΖΗ) ◽  
G. KARNEZI (ΚΑΡΝΕΖΗ Γ.)
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Lesion Location ◽  
Fluid Analysis

Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was diagnosed in 14 dogs with acute neurological dysfunction, based on history, findings of clinical examination, diagnostic imaging evaluation, follow-up and outcome. The dogs were presented with signs of variable involvement of the spinal cord, which were lateralized in 4 cases. The initial clinicopathological evaluation was unremarkable, while cerebrospinal fluid analysis was abnormal in one dog. Diagnostic imaging investigation (plain radiographs of the spinal column and myelography) did not reveal any abnormalities in the vertebrae and adjacent tissues or compression of the spinal cord, with the exception of one case, where there was evidence of focal intramedullary oedema corresponding to the lesion location. Seven dogs improved significantly with supportive treatment; complete remission of clinical signs was evident in two. Moderate improvement was seen in three animals and minimal or no improvement in four dogs, which were euthanised due to persisting neurological incapacitation.

scholarly journals Reliability of the radiographic variables in the International Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set compared with the AO classification

Spinal Cord ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lucantoni ◽  
R G Krishnan ◽  
M Gehrchen ◽  
D W Hallager ◽  
F Biering-Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ao Classification ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Paraplegia: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Paraplegia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Azedi ◽  
Kazem Mousavizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Paraplegia is the damage or loss of function in motor and/or sensory abilities. This insult can be observed in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral parts of spinal column. Besides, paraplegia may be occurring because of any injuries or diseases of the lower segments or peripheral nerves or by cerebral palsy (CP). This damage can be seen as a result of a tumor or blood clot on the spinal cord. By now, there is not any curative treatment for paraplegia. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of spinal cord injury is a promising tested strategy because of their simplicity of isolation/preservation and their properties. Several preclinical studies in this field can be found; however, MSCs showed weak and conflicting outcomes in trials. In this chapter book, we will discuss about the therapeutic role of these cells in the treatment of paraplegia, with emphasis on their characterization, relevance, boundaries, and prospect views.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings and antemortem cytologic diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma in a dog

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Gibson ◽  
Michael F. Rosser ◽  
Cintia R. de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel Lampe ◽  
Janice M. Pfeiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Fine Needle

Abstract CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-year-old 31.1-kg castrated male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of a 1- to 2-week history of paraparesis, knuckling of the hind feet, and difficulty posturing to urinate or defecate. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog was paraparetic but weakly ambulatory with a kyphotic posture, a mildly decreased patellar reflex in the right pelvic limb, increased tone in both pelvic limbs, and marked hyperesthesia on paraspinal palpation of the lumbar region. The urinary bladder was enlarged and firm on palpation. Neuroanatomic findings were primarily consistent with localization to the T3-L3 spinal cord segments. Magenetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spinal column revealed a discrete intramedullary spinal cord mass from the cranial aspect of L4 to the middle of L5. The mass was sampled by fine-needle aspiration, and on cytologic evaluation, the suspected diagnosis was an ependymoma. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Owing to poor prognosis and limited treatment options, the owner elected euthanasia. Postmortem examination of the spinal cord and histologic findings for samples of the mass supported a likely diagnosis of ependymoma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ependymoma is a rare neoplasm in dogs but should be considered in young patients with evidence of a tumor in the CNS. Fine-needle aspiration of the spinal cord mass was possible in the dog of this report, and the cytologic findings provided useful diagnostic information.

Interventional-Related Spine Anatomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 669-678
Author(s):  
Edward Jack Ebani ◽  
Kathryn Dean ◽  
Apostolos John Tsiouris
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

This chapter on interventional-related spine anatomy provides a concise overview of normal spinal anatomy, as well as commonly encountered pathologic conditions, with a particular emphasis on the relevant imaging findings. The introduction outlines potential sources of back pain and their presenting symptomatology. The chapter reviews the main imaging modalities used to evaluate the spine and discusses their specific advantages and disadvantages. The anatomy of the muscles of the vertebral column, the vertebral column itself, and common variations), intervertebral ligaments and discs, vertebral joints, meninges and spinal cord, spinal nerves, and vasculature of the spinal column and spinal cord are reviewed. The discussion includes multiple radiographic, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiographic images, as well as illustrations to supplement the text.

The Management of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
David M. Panczykowski ◽  
Jeremy G. Stone ◽  
David O. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Helical Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Insufficiency ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Important Means

The management of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) requires thorough neurologic assessment and injury classification to guide treatment as well as inform prognosis. Initial radiographic evaluation is aimed at efficiently determining spinal column stability and should begin with high-quality multislice helical computed tomography imaging, including coronal and sagittal reconstructions. The primary objective of clinical SCI management is to prevent or ameliorate secondary injury caused by cardiovascular instability and/or pulmonary insufficiency, in addition to other comorbid processes common to this disease. Vigilant monitoring and treatment in the critical care setting is one of the most important means of reducing morbidity and mortality following SCI.

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