scholarly journals SWITCHED UNIFORM SCALAR QUANTIZATION ADAPTED TO MEAN AND VARIANCE FOR SPEECH CODING

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Goran Petković ◽  
Zoran Perić ◽  
Vladimir Despotović
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Speech Coding ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Quantization Noise ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Scalar Quantization ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Signal Coding

Average power and variance are widely used in adaptation techniques in signal coding. A speech signal is usually assumed to be zero-mean; thus an average signal power is equal to the signal variance. However, this assumption is valid only for longer signals with a large number of samples. When the signal is divided into frames (especially if the number of samples within the frame is small) the speech signal within the frame may not be zero-mean. Hence, frame-by-frame adaptation to signal mean might be beneficial. A switched uniform scalar quantizer with adaptation to signal mean and variance is proposed in this paper. The analysis is performed for different frame lengths and the results are compared to an adaptive uniform quantizer that uses adaptation only to average signal power, showing an improved performance. Signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR) is used as a performance measure.

scholarly journals Alternative shoe closure designs alter biomechanical performance during agility-based movements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira Pryhoda ◽  
Rachel Wathen ◽  
Jay Dicharry ◽  
Kevin Shelburne ◽  
Bradley Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Ground Contact Time ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Consistent Performance

The objective of this research was to determine if three alternative shoe upper closures improve biomechanical performance measures relative to a standard lace closure in court-based movements. NCAA Division 1 and club-level male athletes recruited from lacrosse, soccer, tennis, and rugby performed four court-based movements: Lateral Skater Jump repeats (LSJ), Countermovement Jump repeats (CMJ), Triangle Drop Step drill (TDS), and Anterior-Posterior drill (AP). Each athlete performed the movements in four shoe upper closures: Standard Closure, Lace Replacement, Y Wrap, and Tri Strap. Ground contact time, peak eccentric rate of force development (RFD), peak concentric GRF, peak concentric COM power, eccentric work, concentric work, and movement completion time were measured. Tri Strap saw improvements in four of seven biomechanical variables during CMJ and LSJ and one variable during TDS. Lace Replacement delivered improvements in one performance measure during CMJ, LSJ, and AP, and two variables in TDS. Y Wrap improved performance in three performance measures during LSJ and impaired performance in two measures during CMJ and three measures during AP. Tri Strap provided the most consistent performance improvements across all movements. This study allowed for the mechanical properties of the shoe lower to remain consistent across designs to examine if an alternative shoe upper closure could enhance performance. Our results indicate that increased proprioception and/or mechanical properties due to the alternative closures, especially Tri Strap, improves athlete performance, which concludes that the design of the shoe upper is an essential consideration in shoe design.

scholarly journals The effect of low- vs high-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence and performance in endurance-trained cyclists

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Whitty ◽  
Aron J. Murphy ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Mark L. Watsford
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Cadence

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high- and low-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence (FCC) and performance in endurance-trained cyclists. Sixteen male endurance-trained cyclists completed a series of submaximal rides at 60% maximal power (Wmax) at cadences of 50, 70, 90, and 110 r·min−1, and their FCC to determine their preferred cadence, gross efficiency (GE), rating of perceived exertion, and crank torque profile. Performance was measured via a 15-min time trial, which was preloaded with a cycle at 60% Wmax. Following the testing, the participants were randomly assigned to a high-cadence (HC) (20% above FCC) or a low-cadence (LC) (20% below FCC) group for 18 interval-based training sessions over 6 weeks. The HC group increased their FCC from 92 to 101 r·min−1 after the intervention (p = 0.01), whereas the LC group remained unchanged (93 r·min−1). GE increased from 22.7% to 23.6% in the HC group at 90 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), from 20.0% to 20.9% at 110 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), and from 22.8% to 23.2% at their FCC. Both groups significantly increased their total distance and average power output following training, with the LC group recording a superior performance measure. There were minimal changes to the crank torque profile in both groups following training. This study demonstrated that the FCC can be altered with HC interval training and that the determinants of the optimal cycling cadence are multifactorial and not completely understood. Furthermore, LC interval training may significantly improve time-trial results of short duration as a result of an increase in strength development or possible neuromuscular adaptations.

Speech signal coding using correlation values between subframes

1996 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Keiichi Funaki ◽  
Kazunori Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Signal Coding

Evaluation of an Actuator Placement Method for Active Noise Control Applications

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Naghshineh ◽  
L. P. Heck ◽  
J. A. Olkin ◽  
J. W. Kamman
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Qr Algorithm ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Actuator Placement

In our previous work, we developed a new actuator placement algorithm that is capable of selecting the best actuator placement for active noise control problems over a broad band of frequencies. The actuator selection algorithm is based on a novel extension of the Householder QR subset selection algorithm. The QR algorithm uses the l2 matrix norm as a performance measure. In this paper, numerical results generated by that algorithm are compared with numerical results generated using five different performance measures. These measures, which are based on different matrix norms and functions of the actuator frequency responses, yield actuator placements that result in active noise control systems with improved performance and robustness.

scholarly journals Low Complex Forward Adaptive Loss Compression Algorithm and Its Application in Speech Coding

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Nikolić ◽  
Zoran Perić ◽  
Dragan Antić ◽  
Aleksandra Jovanović ◽  
Dragan Denić
Keyword(s):  
Speech Coding ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Compression Algorithm ◽  
Quantization Noise ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Laplacian Distribution ◽  
Low Complex

Low Complex Forward Adaptive Loss Compression Algorithm and Its Application in Speech CodingThis paper proposes a low complex forward adaptive loss compression algorithm that works on the frame by frame basis. Particularly, the algorithm we propose performs frame by frame analysis of the input speech signal, estimates and quantizes the gain within the frames in order to enable the quantization by the forward adaptive piecewise linear optimal compandor. In comparison to the solution designed according to the G.711 standard, our algorithm provides not only higher level of the average signal to quantization noise ratio, but also performs a reduction of the PCM bit rate for about 1 bits/sample. Moreover, the algorithm we propose completely satisfies the G.712 standard, since it provides overreaching the curve defined by the G.712 standard in the whole of variance range. Accordingly, we can reasonably believe that our algorithm will find its practical implementation in the high quality coding of signals, represented with less than 8 bits/sample, which as well as speech signals follow Laplacian distribution and have the time varying variances.

Predictive speech signal coding with reduced noise effects

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-718
Author(s):  
Bishnu S. Atal ◽  
Manfred R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Noise Effects ◽  
Signal Coding
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document