The media’s role in shaping the public opinion on education: A thematic and frame analysis of externalisation to world situations in the Portuguese media

This article uses thematisation theory (Luhmann, 1996; Pissarra Esteves, 2016) and frame analysis (Entman, 1993) to analyse externalisations to world situations (Schriewer, 1990) in the Portuguese print media’s discussion of education. Our data constitutes news and opinion articles collected after each PISA cycle’s results was published. The analysis demonstrates that the education themes discussed in the media between 2001 and 2017 are consistent, despite occasionally being discussed more intensively, frequently following the themes highlighted by PISA reports and OECD media communications. The frames used for these themes are more diverse, changing according to the speaker’s agenda and viewpoints. Externalisations (frequently PISA, OECD, and other participants in the survey) serve as sources of authority that help in thematising and framing education. This process works as a mechanism of double reduction for the complexity of the social world, narrowing the possibilities of how education is seen and interpreted by the public.

Rural Broadband and Precision Agriculture: A Frame Analysis of United States Federal Policy Outreach under the Biden Administration

Global food security requires sustainable and resource-efficient agricultural production. Precision agriculture may provide the tools needed to intensify agricultural production while prioritizing sustainability; however, there are barriers such as initial investments, knowledge gaps, and broadband access that may hinder adoption. Many rural areas in the United States lack the appropriate infrastructure for broadband access needed for precision agriculture, indicating government policies are needed to expand broadband access. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to develop a conceptualization of the current frames used by the Biden administration in communications related to rural broadband and precision agriculture. The methodological framework used was frame analysis. Data were initially analyzed inductively for overall gestalt and subsequently analyzed with abductive coding. Five overarching frames were identified during the data analysis process: broadband access and economic issues, garnering support for broadband expansion, urgency and equity surrounding broadband, expanding beyond the rural, and broadband infrastructure and the agricultural sector. The findings revealed broadband access associated with the Biden administration expanded beyond rural areas, recognizing that cities also face broadband access and affordability issues. There was a lack of discourse, however, surrounding rural broadband policy and precision agriculture, which may downplay its importance in agricultural sustainability.

Frame analysis of cognitive dissonance on the material of the story «Shiloh» by B. E. Mason

Аннотация. В статье предлагается фреймовый подход при интерпретации художественного текста. Целью статьи является применение теории фрейма при интерпретации постмодернистского произведения «Шайло» Бобби Энн Мэйсон. Актуальность обусловлена тем, что вследствие заострения внимания исследователями постмодернистского художественного текста на стратегии двойного кодирования, возникает необходимость обратиться к теории фрейма, о которой говорится в трудах М. Минского, Ч. Филлмора, В. С. Вахштайна, Г. Бейтсона, Д. А. Кожанова, В. В. Диденко. Рассматривается изменение когнитивной модели текста в зависимости от выдвижения различных элементов фрейма на смысловом уровне, способствующих возникновению когнитивного диссонанса по теории Л. Фестингера, на примере произведения Bobby Ann Mason «Shiloh». Рассказ разделен на 7 фреймов, в каждом из которых читатель может наблюдать неравномерное движение когнитивного диссонанса между главными героями. В конце рассказ приводит к консонансу, который отражает внутреннее состояние главной героини Нормы Джин.

TERMINOLOGICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION

The article considers health care terminology in the cognitive aspect of professional knowledge cognition and conceptualization by an expert. We apply the notion of frame semantics as the linguistics method introduced by Charles Fillmore as the model of professional cognition in the process of professional communication. So the aim of our research is to illustrate cognition in science from the point of conceptualization of professional terminology and health care terminology in particular. The frame that marks the conceptual structure of a health care terminology is also the issue of our analysis. Following these approaches, the study of health care terms takes into account the frame semantics and its role in cognition and afterwards the nomination of professional knowledge in health care. Since concept represents the basic units of processing, storage and transfer of knowledge - therefore, one of the main properties of the frame is the categorical nature of the knowledge organization i.e., formation in the concept a phenomenon, an object, symptoms of a particular diseases, and modeling its relationship with other units of professional knowledge. Thus, the method of frame analysis was also used to study the texts of health care, which consists in modeling the concept by combining different types of basic frames: subject, action, possessive, taxonomic, and comparative.

Filling in the (gendered) gaps: How observers frame claims of sexual assault

Claims of sexual assault are especially prone to scrutiny and (re)interpretation as something else. We investigated how people judged the veracity of sexual assault claims and how they subsequently framed their interpretations of these claims using ‘general knowledge’ in the form of sexual scripts, rape myths, and gender stereotypes. Participants ( n = 161) read about a sexual assault allegation by a male or female claimant and were asked to describe in more detail what they thought had happened. Data were analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative frame analysis. A key finding was that although participants mostly accepted the facts of the claim, this did not automatically imply they shared the claimant’s interpretation of the event as (serious) sexual assault. The analysis revealed that participants drew upon distinct frames to interpret the claim, including frames – such as regretted consensual sex and miscommunication – that exonerated the accused and emphasized claimant responsibility. Frames were differentially employed in response to male and female claims of sexual assault. We discuss how our research design and findings can contribute to an increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of victim acknowledgment.

Framing dementia experiences in a positive light: Conversational practices in one couple living with dementia

The general approach to a life with dementia is negatively charged, and alternative views are rarely found in research or in media coverage. This case-study explores conversational practices for framing dementia in a more positive light, employed by a husband of a wife with dementia. Framing regards the structured experiences of dementia, drawing on Goffman’s ‘Frame Analysis’. Benefitting from conversation analysis, this article presents principal results of four conversational practices used by the spouse without dementia: mitigating trouble, normalising trouble, justifying trouble, and praising. The conclusions drawn are that the practices contribute to the challenging of the dominant negative framework of the dementia experience, as they facilitate talk which emphasises the wife with dementia’s positive progression and skills in managing the household chores. Despite a positive framing of dementia, this couple still embed their talk in the overall negative framework of loss and decreased cognitive competence. The visualisation of a positive framing could add to a broadened view of dementia, which in turn could contribute to greater well-being for those affected. However, the results may also imply a risk of one spouse’s conversational practices of normalising and mitigating trouble being dominant in interaction and thereby neglecting the other spouse’s experience of the situation.

Indonesian Media Framing of Reportage on the Crimean Peninsula Crisis

This research investigates how one of the mainstream media in Indonesia frames Russia in its reportage. One of the selected cases is the 2014 Crimean Peninsula crisis. The Crimean Peninsula Crisis was a major international event that reported comprehensively by Kompas. This research will reveal Kompas’ bias in its reportage on Crimea and the factors that underlie the bias. In investigating the issue, this research uses Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. It follows Fairclough method of critical discourse analysis by using text as a discourse. It is found that as one of the mainstream media in Indonesia, Kompas reportage is not neutral as it depicts Russia through a negative frame. Analysis on semiotic factors, intertextuality, and how the media bias could be handled are the focuses of this research.

‘Fighting a ghost’: Collecting data and creating knowledge on sex trafficking in the League of Nations between 1921 and 1939

This article analyses the understanding of sex trafficking in the League of Nations, with a focus on how the League collected data, critically dealt with its own data collection, and created a particular image of sex trafficking. I argue that a shift can be discerned in the debates within the Advisory Committee on Traffic of Women and Children, which was responsible for the study of sex trafficking in the League of Nations. Starting in 1921, the Advisory Committee focused on the mobility of women as a major factor in sex trafficking. After an ‘undercover investigation’ in 1927, their attention shifted to security. When the Advisory Committee researched the causes of prostitution in 1934, it finally considered prevention. The Advisory Committee was faced with different challenges and tensions that shaped the knowledge that it produced about sex trafficking. By analysing the minutes of their meetings, I lay bare that process of knowledge creation. Through the method of frame analysis and the concept of ‘biopolitics’, I intend to add to the existing historiographical scholarship on transnational cooperation and the League of Nations with an intersectional approach.