scholarly journals Advances in the Management of Cerebral Vascular Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Qadir ◽  
Hina Kanwal
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Cerebral Vascular Disease ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

A cerebral vascular disease occurred with the arteries of brain due to the less supply of blood.  Stroke is mostly caused by cerebral vascular disease and it is also a common cause of vascular dementia due to reduced oxygen supply and blood flow to the brain. In industrialized countries, neurologic disability is most frequently caused by cerebeovascular disease. Individuals with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure etc are at higher possibility for cerebral vascular disease. After malignancy and heart disease, cerebral vascular disease is the third leading of death and estimated that an average 500,000 new stroke occurred in each year. Advance techniques such as Carotid Endarterectomy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Angiography and Single photon emission computed tomography etc are used for management of cerebral vascular disease.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonace–Based Attenuation Correction for Micro–Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 7290.2011.00036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Keereman ◽  
Yves Fierens ◽  
Christian Vanhove ◽  
Tony Lahoutte ◽  
Stefaan Vandenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Correction ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Attenuation correction is necessary for quantification in micro–single-photon emission computed tomography (micro-SPECT). In general, this is done based on micro–computed tomographic (micro-CT) images. Derivation of the attenuation map from magnetic resonance (MR) images is difficult because bone and lung are invisible in conventional MR images and hence indistinguishable from air. An ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence yields signal in bone and lungs. Micro-SPECT, micro-CT, and MR images of 18 rats were acquired. Different tracers were used: hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (brain), dimercaptosuccinic acid (kidney), colloids (liver and spleen), and macroaggregated albumin (lung). The micro-SPECT images were reconstructed without attenuation correction, with micro-CT-based attenuation maps, and with three MR-based attenuation maps: uniform, non-UTE-MR based (air, soft tissue), and UTE-MR based (air, lung, soft tissue, bone). The average difference with the micro-CT-based reconstruction was calculated. The UTE-MR-based attenuation correction performed best, with average errors ≤ 8% in the brain scans and ≤ 3% in the body scans. It yields nonsignificant differences for the body scans. The uniform map yields errors of ≤ 6% in the body scans. No attenuation correction yields errors ≥ 15% in the brain scans and ≥ 25% in the body scans. Attenuation correction should always be performed for quantification. The feasibility of MR-based attenuation correction was shown. When accurate quantification is necessary, a UTE-MR-based attenuation correction should be used.

Neuroimaging in dementia and depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Brien ◽  
Bob Barber
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Neuroimaging is traditionally divided into structural and functional imaging. Structural imaging looks at brain structure or anatomy and includes computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Functional techniques seek to examine the physiological functioning of the brain, either at rest or during activation, and include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), MRI spectroscopy, functional MRI (fMRI) and encephalographic brain mapping. Although fMRI, MRI spectroscopy and brain mapping are likely to have clinical applications in the near future, the main imaging modalities of current clinical relevance to psychiatrists are CT, MRI and SPECT, which will be the focus of this article.

A Comparative Study of Brain Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Post-traumatic Anosmia

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Atighechi ◽  
Hadi Salari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Baradarantar ◽  
Rozita Jafari ◽  
Ghasem Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Background Loss of smell is a problem that can occur in up to 30% of patients with head trauma. The olfactory function investigation methods so far in use have mostly relied on subjective responses given by patients. Recently, some studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate patients with post-traumatic anosmia. The present study seeks to detect post-traumatic anosmia and the areas in the brain that are related to olfactory impairment by using SPECT and MRI as imaging techniques. Methods The study was conducted on 21 patients suffering from head injury and consequently anosmia as defined by an olfactory identification test. Two control groups (traumatic normosmic and nontraumatic healthy individuals) were selected. Brain MRI, qualitative and semiquantitative SPECT with 99mtc-ethyl-cysteinate-dimer were taken from all the patients. Then the brain SPECT and MRI were compared with each other. Results Semi-quantitative assessment of the brain perfusion SPECT revealed frontal, left parietal, and left temporal hypoperfusion as compared with the two control groups. Eighty-five percent of the anosmic patients had abnormal brain MRI. Regarding the MRI, the main abnormality proved to be in the anterior inferior region of the frontal lobes and olfactory bulbs. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that damage to the frontal lobes and olfactory bulbs as shown in the brain MRI and hypoperfusion in the frontal, left parietal, and left temporal lobes in the semiquantitative SPECT corresponds to post-traumatic anosmia. Further neurophysiological and imaging studies are definitely needed to set the idea completely.

Imipramine-Associated Hyperpigmentation

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E Dean ◽  
Frank M Grund
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
White Male ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

OBJECTIVE: To inform clinicians of the potential for severe and persistent facial hyperpigmentation with the long-term use of imipramine. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old white male veteran with a history of paranoid schizophrenia was referred to the psychiatry service by a dentist who thought that the patient was both cyanotic and psychotic. The history and biopsy results indicated the possibility of imipramine-associated hyperpigmentation, only the second reported case in a male patient. The presentation was complex, with a history of neuroleptic exposure and multiple signs of parkinsonism. A brain single photon-emission computed tomography scan demonstrated frontal lobe hypermetabolism and bilateral caudate hypermetabolism, which normalized 14 months later. Despite discontinuation of imipramine, the patient continued to appear cyanotic, leading to worsening social isolation. He became known as “the man with the purple face.” On his rare ventures outside the home, he was embarrassed by sporadic calls to 911 by persons fearing he was ill. DISCUSSION: Although facial hyperpigmentation secondary to the use of phenothiazines has been reported frequently, it is much less common with imipramine, and is very rare in males. Failure to recognize this adverse reaction led to continuing treatment with imipramine and to an apparently irreversible condition. The brain imaging findings have no link with the hyperpigmenting process, but raise questions about neuroleptic-induced metabolic changes in the brain. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians need to be aware of rare adverse reactions such as hyperpigmentation, and be prepared to take appropriate and early action to prevent such reactions from becoming irreversible.

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