scholarly journals Categories or dimensions? Towards a transdiagnostic treatment of eating psychopathology / ¿Categorías o dimensiones? Hacia un tratamiento transdiagnóstico de la psicopatología alimentaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245
Author(s):  
Laura Hernández-Guzmán ◽  
José Alfredo Contreras-Valdez ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Freyre
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Eating Psychopathology ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
False Positives And Negatives

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to contrast the categorial and dimensional approaches within the eating disorders area. Research on the eating problems categorical model reveals vast evidence against its validity: excessive comorbidity, inadequate coverage, diagnostic migration, residual categories, false positives and negatives, etc. The dimensional conceptualization of the eating psychopathology study would achieve more accurate findings by considering eating problems according to the degree in which they manifest, avoiding diagnostics based on arbitrary cut-off points and facilitating the analysis of eating psychopathology at early age, as well as following symptom evolution throughout development. Based on the dimensional model, transdiagnostic perspective has received empirical support, which endorses the use of the transdiagnostic treatment aimed to underlying psychological mechanisms, such as negative affect and emotional dysregulation.ResumenEl propósito de la presente investigación fue contrastar los enfoques categorial y dimensional dentro del área de los trastornos alimentarios. La investigación sobre el modelo categorial de los problemas alimentarios revela un amplio cúmulo de pruebas en contra de su validez, como comorbilidad excesiva, cobertura inadecuada, migración diagnóstica, categorías residuales, falsos positivos y negativos, etc. El estudio de la psicopatología alimentaria desde una conceptuación dimensional permitiría obtener hallazgos más precisos, al considerar a los problemas alimentarios según el grado en el que se presentan, evitar diagnósticos basados en puntos de corte arbitrarios, facilitar su análisis a edad temprana, así como seguir la evolución de los síntomas a lo largo del desarrollo. Apoyada en el modelo dimensional, la perspectiva transdiagnóstica ha recibido respaldo empírico que fundamenta su uso en el tratamiento de los mecanismos psicológicos subyacentes a las problemáticas alimentarias, como el afecto negativo y la desregulación emocional.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-36
Author(s):  
Heather Thompson-Brenner ◽  
Melanie Smith ◽  
Gayle Brooks ◽  
Rebecca Berman ◽  
Angela Kaloudis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol

The Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Co-occurring Emotional Disorders (UT) is an integrative, transdiagnostic, principle-based approach to address patterns of emotion avoidance, emotion sensitivity, and negative affect that produce and maintain the symptoms of eating disorders and co-occurring emotional disorders. The UT model was developed through an extensive process of adapting the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) for use with patients with severe and diverse eating disorders. The modules of the UT are distinct from other approaches due to their cohesive (internal and collective) focus on how each module addresses these shared maintaining mechanisms. There is extensive evidence that eating disorders typically co-occur with other emotional disorders. There is also extensive evidence that eating disorders and other emotional disorders share common maintaining mechanisms, reflecting aspects of emotional functioning.

scholarly journals Initial Effectiveness Evaluation of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders for Homeless Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 014544552098256
Author(s):  
Sara Rodriguez-Moreno ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
Pablo Roca ◽  
Carolina Marín ◽  
Ana I. Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders adapted for homeless women (UPHW). Eighty-one homeless women participated in this single-blinded quasi-experimental clinical trial, involving up to 12 sessions of group treatment, and 3-and 6-month follow-ups. The participants received either immediate treatment with the UPHW ( n = 46) or delayed treatment, following a 12-week wait-list control period (WLC; n = 35). Primary outcomes included depression and anxiety. Secondary measures comprised positive and negative affect, psychological well-being, health perception, and social support. The UPHW resulted in significant improvement on measures of anxiety, depression and negative affect. Improvements in anxiety and depression were maintained over a 3-month follow-up period, but not at 6-month. The reliability of the clinical changes showed significant differences between UPHW and WLC for depression. Moreover, the inter-session assessment in the UPHW group showed a linear trend reduction for depression and anxiety scores along the 12 sessions. The clinical implications on the UPHW in social settings are also discussed.

Maternal Aggression

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-264
Author(s):  
Vibeke Ottesen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Maternal Aggression ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Successful Prediction ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
Societal Level

This chapter explores evolutionary psychological (EP) perspectives on maternal aggression, focusing on physical aggression, both lethal and nonlethal. It argues that the psychological mechanisms underpinning such aggression held an adaptive function to our foremothers. If such mechanisms formerly did hold an adaptive function, then maternal aggression should not be expected to be a random event, nor necessarily caused by pathology. Rather, the risk factors and characteristic traits of maternal aggression should follow an ancestrally adaptive and evolutionary logic. In which case, it should be a predictable phenomenon on a societal level. And as the chapter presents, the theoretical understanding of maternal aggression that EP perspectives offer has allowed for the successful prediction of risk factors and characteristic traits for such aggression. The chapter reviews these risk factors and traits, along with the theoretical reasoning the predictions are based on and the cross-cultural empirical support for their existence.

Negative affect and eating psychopathology: the moderator effect of gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-885
Author(s):  
Cristiana Marques ◽  
Tiago Santos ◽  
Maria João Martins ◽  
Inês Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Telma Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Eating Psychopathology

scholarly journals Negative Affect Induces Rapid Learning of Counterfactual Representations: A Model-based Facial Expression Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Haines ◽  
Olga Rass ◽  
Yong-Wook Shin ◽  
Joshua W. Brown ◽  
Woo-Young Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Facial Expression Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
Counterfactual Emotions

AbstractCounterfactual emotions including regret and disappointment play a crucial role in how people make decisions. For example, people often behave such that their decisions minimize potential regret or disappointment and therefore maximize subjective pleasure. Importantly, functional accounts of emotion suggest that the experience and future expectation of counterfactual emotions should promote goal-oriented behavioral change. Although many studies find empirical support for such functional theories, the cognitive-emotional mechanisms through which counterfactual thinking facilitates changes in behavior remain unclear. Here, we leverage computational models of risky decision-making that extend regret and disappointment theory to experience-based tasks, which we use to determine how people learn counterfactual representations of their decisions across time. Further, we use computer-vision to detect positive and negative affect (valence) intensity from participants’ faces in response to feedback, which we use to determine how experienced emotion may influence cognitive mechanisms of learning, reward sensitivity, or exploration/exploitation—any of which could result in functional changes in behavior. Using hierarchical Bayesian modeling and Bayesian model comparison methods, we found that: (1) people learn to explicitly represent and subjectively weight counterfactual outcomes with increasing experience, and (2) people update their counterfactual expectations more rapidly as they experience increasingly intense negative affect. Our findings support functional accounts of regret and disappointment and demonstrate the potential for computational modeling and model-based facial expression analysis to enhance our understanding of cognition-emotion interactions.

scholarly journals Empirical support for a multi-dimensional model of sensations experienced by youth during their initial smoking episodes

Addiction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1827-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris G. Richardson ◽  
Chizimuzo T. C. Okoli ◽  
Pamela A. Ratner ◽  
Joy L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Dimensional Model

Basic Principles Underlying Treatment and Outline of the Treatment Procedures

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
David H. Barlow ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
Shannon Sauer-Zavala ◽  
Heather Murray Latin ◽  
Kristen K. Ellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Core Skills ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Action Tendencies

Chapter 2 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide notes that the Unified Protocol (UP) is based on traditional cognitive-behavioral principles, but the particular emphasis on the way individuals experience and respond to their emotions is unique in that it brings emotional processes to the forefront, making them available to fundamental psychological mechanisms of change. Core skills of the UP are introduced. These include mindful emotion awareness, which involves the practice of nonjudgmental, present-focused attention toward emotional experiences; challenging automatic thoughts related to external threats and internal threats and increasing cognitive flexibility; identifying and modifying problematic action tendencies, or emotional behaviors; increasing awareness and tolerance of physical sensations through interoceptive exposures; and engagement in emotion exercises. The chapter concludes with a description of the treatment modules.

The Unified Protocol for Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
Christina L. Boisseau ◽  
James F. Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Outpatient Settings

This chapter describes the application of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) to eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders. We focus on the five core treatment modules, highlighting aspects of each one that are particularly relevant to eating disorders and discuss the evidence supporting their use. Next, using clinical case examples from both residential and outpatient settings, we illustrate how each of these core modules can be applied to the treatment of eating disorders. Finally, we provide recommendations for future applications of the UP in this population.

Adult attachment in eating disorders mediates the association between perceived invalidating childhood environments and eating psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia Gonçalves ◽  
Ana Isabel Vieira ◽  
Tânia Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo P. Machado ◽  
Isabel Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Eating Psychopathology
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