Neurobehavior of full-term small for gestational age newborn infants of adolescent mothers

AbstractObjectivesSmall for gestational age (SGA) status is known to show stunted growth and results in short stature in adults. The aim of this study was to describe the current short stature in subjects born SGA in Korea and to assess catch-up growth (CUG) or non-CUG.MethodsWe analyzed data from 3,524 subjects (1,831 male) aged 1–18 years who were born as full-term singletons and who participated in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011).ResultsThe prevalence of SGA was 13.4% (n=471). Subjects born SGA had fathers with shorter height, shorter mother’s height, and mid-parental height than non-SGA subjects (p<0.05 for all). The odds ratios (ORs) for SGA birth of a short statured father and a short statured mother were 2.00 (95% CI; 1.15–3.47) and 2.11 (95% CI; 1.30–3.40), respectively. Among 471 SGA subjects, 28 subjects (5.9%) were non-CUG, which made up 36.4% of all subjects with short stature. The CUG subjects had a higher father's height, mother’s height, mid-parental height, and current BMI (p<0.05 for all). The non-CUG subjects had a higher percentage of fathers being near-short stature (height<10th percentile; 33.3 vs. 12.7%; p=0.008) and mothers being near-short stature (39.3 vs. 13.9%; p<0.001).ConclusionKorean subjects born SGA had a higher risk of current short stature. This population-based nationwide survey also showed that both father’s and mother’s short stature are risk factors of not only SGA birth but also non-CUG in their children.

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GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS IN NORMOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC INFANTS BORN SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.48.2.190 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 190-199

Author(s):

James R. Humbert ◽

Ronald W. Gotlin

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Gh Deficiency ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Serum Gh

Recent investigations have raised the possibility that growth hormone (GH) influences intra-uterine weight and length. Moreover, the hypoglycemic tendency of small for gestational age (FSGA) infants and their small size could result from GH deficiency. To verify these hypotheses, a prospective study of daily serum GH and glucose levels was conducted in 46 newborn infants, including 18 FSCA infants, 18-full-term, appropriate for gestational age (FAGA), and 10 premature (PR) infants. Two FSGA babies became hypoglycemic. Both manifested normal GH competence as evidenced by normal daily GH levels, adequate GH response to arginine provocation, and satisfactory growth for over 2 years. Eleven of 12 FSGA babies followed from 14 to 26 months showed no evidence of impaired linear growth. The FSGA babies had GH values similar in magnitude and pattern to those of FAGA and PR infants. During the second half of the first postnatal day, a significant rise in serum GH occurred in all infants regardless of their size or gestational age; this rise may be the result of the stimulating effect of early milk feedings. GH deficiency does not appear to contribute to either the small size or hypoglycemic tendency of FSGA newborn infants.

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Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants: behavioral aspects in first year

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20140096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bernadete Mello ◽

Heloisa Gagliardo ◽

Vanda Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Infant Development ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Full Term ◽

First Year ◽

Behavior Rating Scale ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Test Materials ◽

State Liability

The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants in the first year of life. We prospectively evaluated 68 infants in the 2nd month, 67 in the 6th month and 69 in the 12th month. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). The groups were similar concerning the item “interest in test materials and stimuli”; there was a trend toward differences in the items “negative affect”, “hypersensitivity to test materials” and “adaptation to change in test materials”. The mean of Raw Score was significantly lower for the SGA group in the items “predominant state”, “liability of state of arousal”, “positive affect”, “soothability when upset”, “energy”, “exploration of objects and surroundings”, “orientation toward examiner”. A lower BRS score was associated with the SGA group in the 2nd month.

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The cognitive development of full-term Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) infants at 12 and 18 months of age

Infant Behavior and Development ◽

10.1016/s0163-6383(98)91657-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 444

Author(s):

Leslie F. Halpern ◽

Cynthia T. Garcia Coll ◽

Karen Bendersky ◽

Elaine C. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Development ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Full Term

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Visual function and fine-motor control in small-for-gestational age infants

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2004000600005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 955-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Heloisa G.R.G. Gagliardo ◽

Vanda M.G. Gonçalves ◽

Maria Cecilia M.P. Lima ◽

Maria de Fatima de C. Francozo ◽

Abimael Aranha Netto

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Visual Function ◽

Infant Development ◽

Full Term ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Genetic Syndromes ◽

Fine Motor Control ◽

Term Infants

OBJECTIVE: To compare visual function and fine-motor control of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA), in the first three months. METHOD: We evaluated prospectively 31 infants in the 1st month; 33 in the 2nd and 34 infants in the 3rd month, categorized as full-term; birth weight less than 10th percentile for SGA and 25th to 90th percentile for the AGA group. Genetic syndromes, infections, multiple congenital malformations were excluded. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, especially items related to visual function and to fine-motor control outcomes. RESULTS: The Motor Index Score (IS) was significantly lower in the SGA group in the 2nd month. The items "attempts to bring hands to mouth", in the 1st month and "reaches for suspended ring", in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group. CONCLUSION: The Motor IS was lower in the 2nd month and items of fine-motor control in the 1st month and in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group.

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Longitudinal follow-up of height up to five years of age in infants born preterm small for gestational age; comparison to full-term small for gestational age infants

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.07.002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 327-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Kazuo Itabashi ◽

Jun Mishina ◽

Hiroshi Tada ◽

Motoichiro Sakurai ◽

Yuko Nanri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Full Term

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Colloid Osmotic Pressure in Newborn Infants: Variations with Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Total Serum Solids, and Mean Arterial Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.68.6.814 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 814-819

Author(s):

Paul Y. K. Wu ◽

Gary Rockwell ◽

Linda Chan ◽

Shu-Mei Wang ◽

Vikram Udani

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Total Serum ◽

Arterial Blood

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood was measured directly at birth with the Wescor membrane colloid osmometer (model 4100) in 91 appropriately grown, 11 large, and nine small for gestational age "well" newborn infants. COP correlated directly with birth weight (r = .726, P < .00001) and gestational age (r = .753, P < .00001). COP values for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants were found to fall within the 95% prediction interval with regard to birth weight and gestational age for appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Simultaneous measurements of COP, total serum solids, and central arterial mean blood pressure were made. The results showed that COP correlated directly with total serum solids (r = .89, P < .0001) and mean arterial blood pressure (r = .660, P < .001). Among the factors evaluated, total serum solids was the best predictor of COP.

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