Spontaneous motor behaviour in full-term small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age newborn infants

Recent investigations have raised the possibility that growth hormone (GH) influences intra-uterine weight and length. Moreover, the hypoglycemic tendency of small for gestational age (FSGA) infants and their small size could result from GH deficiency. To verify these hypotheses, a prospective study of daily serum GH and glucose levels was conducted in 46 newborn infants, including 18 FSCA infants, 18-full-term, appropriate for gestational age (FAGA), and 10 premature (PR) infants. Two FSGA babies became hypoglycemic. Both manifested normal GH competence as evidenced by normal daily GH levels, adequate GH response to arginine provocation, and satisfactory growth for over 2 years. Eleven of 12 FSGA babies followed from 14 to 26 months showed no evidence of impaired linear growth. The FSGA babies had GH values similar in magnitude and pattern to those of FAGA and PR infants. During the second half of the first postnatal day, a significant rise in serum GH occurred in all infants regardless of their size or gestational age; this rise may be the result of the stimulating effect of early milk feedings. GH deficiency does not appear to contribute to either the small size or hypoglycemic tendency of FSGA newborn infants.

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Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants: behavioral aspects in first year

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20140096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bernadete Mello ◽

Heloisa Gagliardo ◽

Vanda Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Infant Development ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Full Term ◽

First Year ◽

Behavior Rating Scale ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Test Materials ◽

State Liability

The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants in the first year of life. We prospectively evaluated 68 infants in the 2nd month, 67 in the 6th month and 69 in the 12th month. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). The groups were similar concerning the item “interest in test materials and stimuli”; there was a trend toward differences in the items “negative affect”, “hypersensitivity to test materials” and “adaptation to change in test materials”. The mean of Raw Score was significantly lower for the SGA group in the items “predominant state”, “liability of state of arousal”, “positive affect”, “soothability when upset”, “energy”, “exploration of objects and surroundings”, “orientation toward examiner”. A lower BRS score was associated with the SGA group in the 2nd month.

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Comparison of the diameter of coronary arteries between small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborn infants

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2019.1622668 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Belma Saygili Karagol ◽

Ahmet Afsin Kundak ◽

Utku Arman Örün

Keyword(s):

Coronary Arteries ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

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The Dietary Composition of Women Who Delivered Healthy Full-Term Infants, Preterm Infants, and Full-Term Infants Who Were Small for Gestational Age

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800414556529 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 495-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rafał Bobiński ◽

Monika Mikulska ◽

Hanna Mojska ◽

Izabela Ulman-Włodarz

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Clinical Issue ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

The Impact ◽

Gestational Duration

The impact of diet on the health of pregnant women remains an unresolved clinical issue. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the dietary intake of mothers who gave birth to full-term infants whose sizes were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), preterm birth (PTB) infants, and full-term infants who were small for gestational age (SGA). Of the 103 women who participated, 50 gave birth to AGA infants, 30 gave birth to PTB infants, and 23 gave birth to SGA infants. The composition of each woman’s diet was analyzed using a questionnaire completed 3 days postchildbirth. Findings revealed a number of differences between the groups. The percentage of energy obtained from fat and the calcium and lactose intake was all highest in Group AGA. The largest number of differences in intake of fatty acids (FAs) was observed among short- and medium-chain FAs. Lower levels of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, and C14:0 were observed in the diets of women in Group PTB than in Group AGA. C18:0 intake was also lower in Group PTB than in Group AGA. The reduced short-, medium-, and long-chain FA intake by women in Group PTB also affected the total saturated FA intake, which was lowest in that group. These findings suggest that, even in mothers giving birth to children with only slight deviations from normal birth weight or normal gestational duration, differences in diet can be identified, particularly regarding FA content, which may affect the health of the newborn.

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Identification of growth patterns of preterm and small-for-gestational age children from birth to 4 years – do they catch up?

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2018-0239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 448-454

Author(s):

Dirk Manfred Olbertz ◽

Rebekka Mumm ◽

Ursula Wittwer-Backofen ◽

Susanne Fricke-Otto ◽

Anke Pyper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Full Term ◽

The European Union ◽

Gh Therapy ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Catch Up

Abstract Background A legitimate indication for growth hormone (GH) therapy in children born too light or short at birth [small-for-gestational age (SGA)] exists in Germany and the European Union only if special criteria are met. Methods We conducted a longitudinal, multi-centered study on full-term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA, n=1496) and pre-term born SGA (n=173) and full-term SGA children (n=891) in Germany from 2006 to 2010. We analyzed height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference. Results Pre-term or full-term born SGA children were shorter, lighter and had a lower BMI from birth until 3 years of age than full-term AGA children. The growth velocity of the analyzed anthropometric measurements was significantly higher in pre-term and full-term SGA children exclusively in the first 2 years of life than in AGA children. The criteria for GH treatment were fulfilled by 12.1% of pre-term SGA children compared to only 1.3% of full-term SGA children. Conclusion For children that do not catch up growth within the first 2 years of life, an earlier start of GH treatment should be considered, because a catch-up growth later than 2 years of life does not exist. Pre-term SGA-born children more frequently fulfill the criteria for GH treatment than full-term SGA children.

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Neurobehavior of full-term small for gestational age newborn infants of adolescent mothers

Jornal de Pediatria ◽

10.2223/jped.1796 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marina C. de Moraes Barros ◽

Ruth Guinsburg ◽

Sandro S. Mitsuhiro ◽

Elisa Chalem ◽

Ronaldo R. Laranjeira

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Full Term

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IGF-II expression and methylation in small for gestational age infants

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2014-0269 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (5-6) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shulian Zhang ◽

Guanpeng Zhai ◽

Jin Wang ◽

Wenjing Shi ◽

Rong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Adult Life ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Status ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

AbstractLow birth weight is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in many diseases in adult life. We investigated the expression of IGF-II and the status of differentially methylated regions (DMR) in small for gestational age (SGA) infants after birth.Plasma IGF-II, IGF-II receptor (IGF2R), IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels were measured after birth in 150 newborn infants. These included 30 term appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 30 term SGA, 30 term large for gestational age (LGA), 30 preterm AGA, and 30 preterm SGA infants.Plasma IGF-II levels after birth were lower in both term SGA (435.1±33.82 vs. 620.4±44.79, p=0.002) and LGA infants (483.7±33.8 vs. 620.42±44.79, p=0.018) than in term AGA infants. The expression ofIGF-II was associated with birth weight and expressed at high levels, which suggests that IGF-II may continue to play an important role after birth.

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Electrophysiological study of hearing in full-term small-for-gestational-age newborns

Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia ◽

10.1590/s2179-64912012000200013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 162-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosanna Mariangela Giaffredo Angrisani ◽

Marisa Frasson De Azevedo ◽

Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo ◽

Edna Maria de Albuquerque Diniz ◽

Carla Gentile Matas

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Full Term ◽

Auditory Evoked Potential ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Hearing Impairments ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

PURPOSE: To describe the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP) results of full-term small-for-gestational-age newborns, comparing them to the results of full-term appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns, in order to verify whether the small-for-gestational-age condition is a risk indicator for retrocochlear hearing impairment. METHODS: This multicentric prospective cross-sectional study assessed 86 full-term newborns - 47 small- (Study Group) and 39 appropriate-for-gestational-age (Control Group - of both genders, with ages between 2 and 12 days. Newborns with presence of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and type A tympanometry were included in the study. Quantitative analysis was based on the mean and standard deviation of the absolute latencies of waves I, III and V and interpeak intervals I-III, III-V and I-V, for each group. For qualitative analysis, the BAEP results were classified as normal or altered by analyzing these data considering the age range of the newborn at the time of testing. RESULTS: In the Study Group, nine of the 18 (38%) subjects with altered BAEP results had the condition of small-for-gestational-age as the only risk factor for hearing impairments. In the Control Group, seven (18%) had altered results. Female subjects from the Study Group tended to present more central alterations. In the Control Group, the male group tended to have more alterations. CONCLUSION: Full-term children born small or appropriate for gestational age might present transitory or permanent central hearing impairments, regardless of the presence of risk indicators.

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