Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants: behavioral aspects in first year

The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants in the first year of life. We prospectively evaluated 68 infants in the 2nd month, 67 in the 6th month and 69 in the 12th month. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). The groups were similar concerning the item “interest in test materials and stimuli”; there was a trend toward differences in the items “negative affect”, “hypersensitivity to test materials” and “adaptation to change in test materials”. The mean of Raw Score was significantly lower for the SGA group in the items “predominant state”, “liability of state of arousal”, “positive affect”, “soothability when upset”, “energy”, “exploration of objects and surroundings”, “orientation toward examiner”. A lower BRS score was associated with the SGA group in the 2nd month.

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Visual function and fine-motor control in small-for-gestational age infants

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2004000600005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 955-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Heloisa G.R.G. Gagliardo ◽

Vanda M.G. Gonçalves ◽

Maria Cecilia M.P. Lima ◽

Maria de Fatima de C. Francozo ◽

Abimael Aranha Netto

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Visual Function ◽

Infant Development ◽

Full Term ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Genetic Syndromes ◽

Fine Motor Control ◽

Term Infants

OBJECTIVE: To compare visual function and fine-motor control of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA), in the first three months. METHOD: We evaluated prospectively 31 infants in the 1st month; 33 in the 2nd and 34 infants in the 3rd month, categorized as full-term; birth weight less than 10th percentile for SGA and 25th to 90th percentile for the AGA group. Genetic syndromes, infections, multiple congenital malformations were excluded. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, especially items related to visual function and to fine-motor control outcomes. RESULTS: The Motor Index Score (IS) was significantly lower in the SGA group in the 2nd month. The items "attempts to bring hands to mouth", in the 1st month and "reaches for suspended ring", in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group. CONCLUSION: The Motor IS was lower in the 2nd month and items of fine-motor control in the 1st month and in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group.

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The Dietary Composition of Women Who Delivered Healthy Full-Term Infants, Preterm Infants, and Full-Term Infants Who Were Small for Gestational Age

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800414556529 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 495-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rafał Bobiński ◽

Monika Mikulska ◽

Hanna Mojska ◽

Izabela Ulman-Włodarz

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Clinical Issue ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

The Impact ◽

Gestational Duration

The impact of diet on the health of pregnant women remains an unresolved clinical issue. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the dietary intake of mothers who gave birth to full-term infants whose sizes were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), preterm birth (PTB) infants, and full-term infants who were small for gestational age (SGA). Of the 103 women who participated, 50 gave birth to AGA infants, 30 gave birth to PTB infants, and 23 gave birth to SGA infants. The composition of each woman’s diet was analyzed using a questionnaire completed 3 days postchildbirth. Findings revealed a number of differences between the groups. The percentage of energy obtained from fat and the calcium and lactose intake was all highest in Group AGA. The largest number of differences in intake of fatty acids (FAs) was observed among short- and medium-chain FAs. Lower levels of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, and C14:0 were observed in the diets of women in Group PTB than in Group AGA. C18:0 intake was also lower in Group PTB than in Group AGA. The reduced short-, medium-, and long-chain FA intake by women in Group PTB also affected the total saturated FA intake, which was lowest in that group. These findings suggest that, even in mothers giving birth to children with only slight deviations from normal birth weight or normal gestational duration, differences in diet can be identified, particularly regarding FA content, which may affect the health of the newborn.

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Identification of growth patterns of preterm and small-for-gestational age children from birth to 4 years – do they catch up?

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2018-0239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 448-454

Author(s):

Dirk Manfred Olbertz ◽

Rebekka Mumm ◽

Ursula Wittwer-Backofen ◽

Susanne Fricke-Otto ◽

Anke Pyper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Full Term ◽

The European Union ◽

Gh Therapy ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Catch Up

Abstract Background A legitimate indication for growth hormone (GH) therapy in children born too light or short at birth [small-for-gestational age (SGA)] exists in Germany and the European Union only if special criteria are met. Methods We conducted a longitudinal, multi-centered study on full-term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA, n=1496) and pre-term born SGA (n=173) and full-term SGA children (n=891) in Germany from 2006 to 2010. We analyzed height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference. Results Pre-term or full-term born SGA children were shorter, lighter and had a lower BMI from birth until 3 years of age than full-term AGA children. The growth velocity of the analyzed anthropometric measurements was significantly higher in pre-term and full-term SGA children exclusively in the first 2 years of life than in AGA children. The criteria for GH treatment were fulfilled by 12.1% of pre-term SGA children compared to only 1.3% of full-term SGA children. Conclusion For children that do not catch up growth within the first 2 years of life, an earlier start of GH treatment should be considered, because a catch-up growth later than 2 years of life does not exist. Pre-term SGA-born children more frequently fulfill the criteria for GH treatment than full-term SGA children.

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Electrophysiological study of hearing in full-term small-for-gestational-age newborns

Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia ◽

10.1590/s2179-64912012000200013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 162-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosanna Mariangela Giaffredo Angrisani ◽

Marisa Frasson De Azevedo ◽

Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo ◽

Edna Maria de Albuquerque Diniz ◽

Carla Gentile Matas

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Full Term ◽

Auditory Evoked Potential ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Hearing Impairments ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

PURPOSE: To describe the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP) results of full-term small-for-gestational-age newborns, comparing them to the results of full-term appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns, in order to verify whether the small-for-gestational-age condition is a risk indicator for retrocochlear hearing impairment. METHODS: This multicentric prospective cross-sectional study assessed 86 full-term newborns - 47 small- (Study Group) and 39 appropriate-for-gestational-age (Control Group - of both genders, with ages between 2 and 12 days. Newborns with presence of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and type A tympanometry were included in the study. Quantitative analysis was based on the mean and standard deviation of the absolute latencies of waves I, III and V and interpeak intervals I-III, III-V and I-V, for each group. For qualitative analysis, the BAEP results were classified as normal or altered by analyzing these data considering the age range of the newborn at the time of testing. RESULTS: In the Study Group, nine of the 18 (38%) subjects with altered BAEP results had the condition of small-for-gestational-age as the only risk factor for hearing impairments. In the Control Group, seven (18%) had altered results. Female subjects from the Study Group tended to present more central alterations. In the Control Group, the male group tended to have more alterations. CONCLUSION: Full-term children born small or appropriate for gestational age might present transitory or permanent central hearing impairments, regardless of the presence of risk indicators.

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FULL-TERM SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA) INFANTS HAVE POORER MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTIONS AT 8 MONTHS AND LOWER VERBAL IQ AT 3 YEARS THAN APPROPRIATE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (AGA) INFANTS. † 1622

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199604001-01645 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 273-273

Author(s):

Elaine Meyer ◽

Cynthia Garcia Coll ◽

Leslie Halpern ◽

Theresa Leach ◽

Adriana Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Full Term ◽

Verbal Iq ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

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Analysis of longitudinal follow-up data of physical growth in singleton full-term small for gestational age infants

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211060672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (12) ◽

pp. 030006052110606

Author(s):

Yan Zhao ◽

Xin Fan ◽

Jing Wen ◽

Wenling Gan ◽

Guiyuan Xiao

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Age Groups ◽

Full Term ◽

Physical Growth ◽

First Year ◽

Catch Up

Objective This study aimed to investigate the catch-up growth pattern of singleton full-term small for gestational age (SGA) infants in the first year after birth. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed to assess singleton full-term SGA infants. Weight, length, and head circumference were measured at birth, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Results Two hundred ten SGA infants were included in this study. Boys (n = 90) and girls (n = 120) showed a similar gestational age, birth weight, and body length. Weight, length, and head circumference in SGA infants in all age groups increased with age, with the fastest growth stage from birth to 3 months. The speed of weight and head circumference catch-up was higher than that of body length. At 12 months, significant associations of height in boys with height of the fathers, mothers, and both parents combined appeared. The height of girls showed associations with the mothers’ and the parents’ height. Conclusions Full-term SGA infants grow rapidly after birth, with the fastest growth rate in the first 3 months, as examined by weight, body length, and head circumference. However, the catch-up speed of weight and body length were not balanced in this study.

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