scholarly journals The Likelihood of Choosing the Borda-Winner With Partial Preference Rankings of the Electorate

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Eğecioğlu ◽  
Ayça Ebru Giritligil
Keyword(s):  
Partial Preference

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Algorithm for Evaluating Node Influences in Social Networks Based on Preference Analysis and Random Walk

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengying Mao ◽  
Weisong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Preference Graph ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Relation Analysis

In the era of big data, social network has become an important reflection of human communications and interactions on the Internet. Identifying the influential spreaders in networks plays a crucial role in various areas, such as disease outbreak, virus propagation, and public opinion controlling. Based on the three basic centrality measures, a comprehensive algorithm named PARW-Rank for evaluating node influences has been proposed by applying preference relation analysis and random walk technique. For each basic measure, the preference relation between every node pair in a network is analyzed to construct the partial preference graph (PPG). Then, the comprehensive preference graph (CPG) is generated by combining the preference relations with respect to three basic measures. Finally, the ranking of nodes is determined by conducting random walk on the CPG. Furthermore, five public social networks are used for comparative analysis. The experimental results show that our PARW-Rank algorithm can achieve the higher precision and better stability than the existing methods with a single centrality measure.

Weighted sum model with partial preference information: Application to multi-objective optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Kaddani ◽  
Daniel Vanderpooten ◽  
Jean-Michel Vanpeperstraete ◽  
Hassene Aissi
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Preference Information ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Partial Preference

Selective behaviour in cattle grazing pastures of strips of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover. 2. The effects of sward maturity and structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. E. C. POLI ◽  
J. HODGSON ◽  
G. P. COSGROVE ◽  
G. C. ARNOLD
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Selection Of

The effects of manipulation of sward maturity on ingestive behaviour and diet selection of grazing cattle were tested in two experiments using legumes which are equally preferred by cattle. Yearling heifers, in groups of three, grazed plots formed by alternate 2·4 m wide strips of a mixture of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (BW) and strips of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (RC). The treatments comprised four combinations of each of the two swards at two contrasting levels of maturity/height replicated over four successive 3-day periods, in an order which balanced the effect of previous treatments. Observations of the distribution of grazing activity and biting rate were made over 3-hour periods each evening and in the morning of Day 2.Rate of biting was generally greater on immature than mature swards, and on BW than on RC, with little evidence of interactions between these effects. The animals demonstrated partial preference throughout the two studies, the proportion of grazing time devoted to BW being 0·40±0·010 in Expt 1 and 0·47±0·017 in Expt 2. The distribution of grazing time between sward type and maturity combinations was influenced progressively by herbage mass and height contrasts as strips were grazed down. An overall analysis using the results from these studies and a companion experiment indicated differences between studies in partial preference for BW and RC which appeared to be related to variations in sward morphology.

Do cattle exhibit a preference for white clover?

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
G.P. Cosgrove ◽  
C.B. Anderson ◽  
R.H. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Species Preference ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Keywords Diet ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Attaining a predictable and stable composition of white clover in pasture is affected by selective grazing and inter-species plant competition. This paper reports an experiment which demonstrates that when given a free choice between monocultures of ryegrass and white clover, cattle did not selectively graze only clover but chose a mixed diet. Ten young heifers were stocked for 3 weeks on 2 ha, comprised of adjacent 1-ha monocultures of each of ryegrass and white clover. Animals were given 1 week to adjust to the spatial separation and then on 2 consecutive days in each of 2 consecutive weeks, cattle were observed at 10-minute intervals during daylight hours. Behaviour (grazing or not) and location (ryegrass or white clover) were recorded. This procedure was conducted in December, February and May to assess seasonal variation in the species preference. At each occasion cattle choose a mixed diet by eating both ryegrass and white clover, but their preference for white clover changed with season. In February they exhibited a partial preference for white clover, by spending approximately 65% of grazing time on white clover and 35% on ryegrass. In December and May the partial preference for white clover was lower, with cattle allocating approximately 47% of grazing time to white clover and 53% to ryegrass. Results are discussed in relation to the extent of preference for white clover when limitations to selection are removed and how this information could be used to enhance white clover proportion in the diet to better match animal preference. Keywords: diet selection, grazing behaviour, perennial ryegrass, preference, Trifolium repens L.

The effects of including white clover in perennial ryegrass swards and the height of mixed swards on the milk production, sward selection and ingestive behaviour of dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. C. Phillips ◽  
N. L. James
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted with dairy cows to examine the effects of including white clover in perennial ryegrass swards and of offering the cows a choice between tall and short mixed perennial ryegrass/white clover swards. In the first experiment, cows grazed a perennial ryegrass sward (treatment Prg); a mixed sward of perennial ryegrass and white clover (treatment WC); treatment Prg during the night and treatment WC during the day (treatment Prg night/WC day); or they were offered a choice between Prg and WC (treatment Prg/WC). Cows in treatment WC produced more milk than cows in treatment Prg, with cows in Prg night/WC day and Prg/WC intermediate. The milk fat content of cows in treatment Prg was greater than in the other three treatments. When cows were offered both mixed grass/clover and pure grass swards (treatments Prg night/WC day and Prg/WC) they exhibited a partial preference for the WC sward and grazed it to a lower herbage height than the pure grass sward. In the second experiment, cows were offered a WC sward at 6 or 3·5 cm sward surface height, or a choice between pastures at the two heights. Cows offered only the tall sward produced most milk, and those offered only the short sward produced the least. Milk fat content was reduced for cows offered only the tall sward. Cows offered a choice of the tall or short swards spent longer grazing in total than the cows offered only tall or only short swards but there was no difference in the time spent grazing the tall and short swards.

Manipulating dietary preference to improve animal performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Edwards ◽  
A. J. Parsons ◽  
R. H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feeding Systems

This paper reviews opportunities to improve the diet quality, intake and performance of animals through manipulation of the partial preference commonly shown by grazing animals for different pasture components. Using evidence from the well-worked example of grass–legume pastures, potential opportunities to manipulate preference are highlighted, including: (i) altering plant characteristics to change the relative preference of alternative species or cultivars; (ii) utilising variation in preference among and within animal species; and (iii) working with, rather than against, known preference patterns, by offering forages as spatially separated monocultures within the same paddock or at different times of the day. In all cases, it is argued that is important to consider the full complexities of pasture–animal interactions, in particular, how current diet choices feed back to determine choices available subsequently in the pasture. To develop feeding systems where desirable pasture traits for animal performance are sustained at a high abundance in the diet, plant and animal breeding selection practises and grazing management systems should take greater account of the existence of partial preferences.

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