PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES AND DEFENSIVE PERSON PERCEPTION: A BRIEF HISTORICAL ACCOUNT AND A REVISED MODEL

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Assor
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Defensive Processing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Future Outcomes

Three stages in the development of the theoretical framework which has guided research on motives and defensive person perception are described, beginning with a trait approach and ending in a process oriented interactive model. Then, in order to accommodate findings showing that threatening stimuli are often processed in a realistic rather than a defensive way, a revised interactive model is proposed as a fourth stage of conceptualization. According to the revised model, perceiver's motives lead to defensive person perceptions only if (a) the interaction of perceiver's motives with the attributes of the stimulus person and the situation produces emotional arousal in the perceiver; and (b) the perceiver assumes that defensive processing of information related to the stimulus person has higher hedonic value than realistic processing. The following factors are proposed as determinants of the hedonic value and the relative intensity of realistic versus defensive processing: (a) the degree to which the stimulus is objectively linked with the perceiver's personal future outcomes; (b) the clarity of this hedonic link; (c) perceiver's ability to perceive negative hedonic links; (d) hope that realistic processing will help to obtain desired future outcomes; (e) potency of present negative feelings produced by the stimulus; and (f) personality factors affecting the intensity of emotional arousal or the capacity to tolerate and control emotional arousal. According to the revised model, defensive effects of motives on person perception are likely to occur primarily outside the laboratory, in the context of lasting and meaningful interpersonal relations.

Inferential Sets and Person Perception: A Partial Replication and Extension

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mc Call ◽  
Gordon Rae
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Male Stimulus ◽  
Adjective Pair ◽  
Two Independent Variables

203 female Ss read a short case-study and a group of related questions. They were then required to complete a 12 adjective-pair semantic differential indicating their dispositional judgments of the stimulus person in the narrative. Two independent variables were manipulated, the sex of the stimulus person and the group of questions asked. One group of questions was intended to induce a situation-matching set and the other a causal-genetic set. Ss in the situation-matching group rated the male stimulus person more hard ( p < .05), more bold ( p < .01), and less emotional ( p < .05) than Ss in the causal-genetic group. In the case of the female stimulus person Ss in the situation-matching group perceived her as more bold ( p < .05). Differences due to sex alone were found only for the situation-matching groups who perceived the female stimulus person as less hard ( p < .05) and less rugged ( p < .01) than the male.

Designing an interactive model of factors affecting the health technology assessment (HTA) in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadkarim Bahadori ◽  
Ramin Ravangard ◽  
Mahya Tohidi Nezhad ◽  
Naeimeh Pourtaheri ◽  
Sayyed Morteza Hosseini-Shokouh
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Interactive Model

PurposeAccording to the great importance of community health as well as the ever-increasing development of health technologies, the importance of designing an interactive model of factors affecting health technology assessment (HTA) can be highlighted. The purpose of designing and implementing the framework of health information system assessment is to ensure that the required accurate data which are necessary to measure the main health indicators are available. The purpose of this paper is to design an interactive model of factors affecting HTA.Design/methodology/approachThis is a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study conducted in the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the second half of 2017. A sample of 60 experts and professionals working in the field of health technologies are selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Two researcher-made questionnaires are used to collect the required data. The collected data are analyzed using decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and MATLAB R2013a.FindingsThe results showed that “Legal dimension,” “safety,” “Effectiveness” and “Social dimension” were the affecting factors and net causes, and “Current application,” “Knowledge of technology,” “Ethical dimension,” “Costs” and “Organizational dimension” were the affected factors and net effects in the interactive model. Furthermore, “Legal dimension” with the coordinates C: [1.88, 1.27] and “Ethical dimension” with the coordinates C: [1.75, −75] were known as the most affecting and most affected factors in the interactive model, respectively.Originality/valueThe DEMATEL model is an appropriate tool for managers and policy makers to structure and prioritize factors influencing the HTA. Policy makers and decision makers can use this model for identifying relationships among factors and prioritize them. Because health policy makers and managers have a major role in formulating the regulations and guidelines related to the HTA, they should pay more attention to the legal considerations in their decisions and use the management tools to move the available resources toward implementing and enforcing rules and guidelines related to the HTA.

The Princess and the Nice Frog: Study in Person Perception

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hartnett ◽  
Donna Elder
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Attractive Female ◽  
Favorable Light ◽  
Attractive Male

The present study investigated how individuals are perceived as a function of their association with others. An unattractive male was perceived in a more favorable light when he was paired with an attractive female than with an unattractive female. An attractive female was liked more when she was associated with an unattractive male than when she was paired with an attractive male. Results are interpreted in terms of the sex of the stimulus person and the sex of the perceiver.

Effect of Sex, Inferred Sex-Role and Occupational Sex-Linkage on Perceptions of Occupational Success

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Sex Linkage ◽  
Occupational Success ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Male Subjects

In a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (subject's sex, stimulus-person's sex, stimulus-person's sex-role as inferred from sex-related clothing, and stimulus-person's sex-linked occupation) complete factorial between-subjects experiment, 120 female and 120 male subjects viewed a slide of either a male or female stimulus-person wearing either masculine or feminine clothing. Stimulus persons were also said to be employed in either a masculine, feminine, or sex-neutral occupation. Subjects then recorded their first impressions of the stimulus-person on a person-perception questionnaire. Analysis indicated that persons wearing masculine clothing were perceived as more successful in their occupations than persons wearing feminine clothing for both the masculine and feminine (business) occupations. No differences were found for persons in the sex-neutral occupation. Additional analyses are discussed and conclusions drawn regarding the effect of clothing in sex-role stereotyping in first-impression situations.

Gestation period, litter size and birth weight in the goat

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Amoah ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interactive Model

ABSTRACTData from 265 female goats (does) from seven herds in Year 1 and 130 does from four herds in Year 2 were analysed using a general linear interactive model for factors affecting gestation period (GP), litter size (LS) and birth weight (BW) of offspring (kids). Gestation period could be described by the regression equation GP = α – 0·890LS –1·072S where S is the proportion of male kids in the litter and the constant (a) depends on breed and herd and was 154·240 (s.e., 0·843) days for British Saanen does in Herd 1. The model established for LS was a quadratic regressional relationship LS = a – 0·000103 (MW - 60))2 + 0-0172 (MW -60) where MW was live weight of the doe at mating and a at MW = 60 kg depends on herd and period of kidding. For early-kidding does in Herd 1 a was 2·277 (s.e., 0·090) kids. The expression BW —α 0·363LS + 0·057P is a simplified multiple regressional form involving BW, LS and parity (P) where a varies according to breed, herd and age of the doe. The estimate of a for kids from British Saanen, 1-year-old does in Herd 1 was 3·879 (s.e., 0·632) kg.

ILLNESS TRANSMISSION MODE AND PERCEIVER PERSONALITY: FACTORS AFFECTING STIGMATIZED PERCEPTIONS OF PATIENTS AND SEXUAL ILLNESS

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabie E. Smith ◽  
Christopher S. Nave
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Specific Illness

Past field research has demonstrated the devastating impact of illness stigma on patient populations; experimental studies have identified specific illness characteristics that influence stigmatization and social rejection of patients. The current study used a quasi-experimental design to investigate the influence of participant erotophobia-erotophilia (Fisher, Byrne, & White, 1983) and illness transmission (nonsexual, sexual) on perceptions of illness and patients. Sexual illness transmission led to significantly more negative perceptions of the illness and patient. A significant Erotophobia-Erotophilia x Nonsexual-Sexual Transmission interaction influenced participants' social rejection of the patient. Specifically, erotophobes socially rejected patients with the sexually transmitted illness more than patients with the nonsexual illness.

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