Inferential Sets and Person Perception: A Partial Replication and Extension

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mc Call ◽  
Gordon Rae
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Male Stimulus ◽  
Adjective Pair ◽  
Two Independent Variables

203 female Ss read a short case-study and a group of related questions. They were then required to complete a 12 adjective-pair semantic differential indicating their dispositional judgments of the stimulus person in the narrative. Two independent variables were manipulated, the sex of the stimulus person and the group of questions asked. One group of questions was intended to induce a situation-matching set and the other a causal-genetic set. Ss in the situation-matching group rated the male stimulus person more hard ( p < .05), more bold ( p < .01), and less emotional ( p < .05) than Ss in the causal-genetic group. In the case of the female stimulus person Ss in the situation-matching group perceived her as more bold ( p < .05). Differences due to sex alone were found only for the situation-matching groups who perceived the female stimulus person as less hard ( p < .05) and less rugged ( p < .01) than the male.

On the Role of Emotional Traits in Impression Formation

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Nigro ◽  
Olimpia Matarazzo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Male Stimulus

280 Italian undergraduates (90 men and 190 women), ages 18 to 30 years, rated a warm, cold, jealous, or envious stimulus person on 15 7-point semantic differential scales. Varying the sex of the stimulus person, 8 different versions of the description were obtained. Factor analysis, carried out to identify a smaller set of non-redundant dimensions, yielded three factors. A multivariate analysis of variance, 4 (warm, cold, jealous, envious) × 2 (male stimulus person, female stimulus person) × 2 (male respondents, female respondents), indicated significant effects for the variable “trait” on the first and second factors, an interaction between the sex of the stimulus person and the sex of the respondent on the first factor, and an effect for the sex of the respondent on the second factor. The traits “envious” and “jealous” acted as central qualities, and the sex of the stimulus person and of the respondent played an important role in impression formation. Further implications of the finding were discussed.

Influence of Clothing and Physical Attractiveness in Person Perception

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paull Nielsen ◽  
Anne Kernaleguen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Female Stimulus

Using a semantic differential to assess person perception, a non-random sample of 30 female university students recorded their impressions of a number of pictures of female stimulus persons. The pictures represented a systematic pairing of faces of varying levels of attractiveness, and clothed bodies of varying levels of attractiveness. The results of a 3 × 3 Latin square analysis of variance showed facial attractiveness to be a significant factor in the perception of physical attractiveness of the total unit, social and professional happiness, and social desirability. Attractiveness of the clothed body exerted a significant effect in the perception of bourgeois orientation. Pearson productmoment correlation results indicated that as level of perceived physical attractiveness increased, so did the perception of social and professional happiness and social desirability.

Optimization of Overcritical Organic Rankine Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 306-315
Author(s):  
Qing Quan Wang ◽  
Sławomir Smoleń
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Hot Temperature ◽  
Working Fluid Selection ◽  
Two Independent Variables

This paper explores the optimization cases for overcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in various situations. First the ORC optimization in terms of working fluid selection is discussed. In this case, thermal efficiencies for 10 different working fluids have been calculated under certain temperature frames and the results are compared. Second, overcritical optimization case in terms of variation of hot temperature and evaporation pressure is presented. In this overcritical ORC case, the influence of evaporation pressure on ORC thermal efficiency is studied by conducting a case study of R234a, and first 1-D freedom optimization case is discussed within the variation of evaporation pressure. 2-D freedom optimization is also considered, in which the two independent variables, hot temperature and evaporation pressure, are both varied within certain boundaries. This study employs numerical method for this 2-D problem and it is also presented in detail in the case study.

Effect of Sex, Inferred Sex-Role and Occupational Sex-Linkage on Perceptions of Occupational Success

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Sex Linkage ◽  
Occupational Success ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Male Subjects

In a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (subject's sex, stimulus-person's sex, stimulus-person's sex-role as inferred from sex-related clothing, and stimulus-person's sex-linked occupation) complete factorial between-subjects experiment, 120 female and 120 male subjects viewed a slide of either a male or female stimulus-person wearing either masculine or feminine clothing. Stimulus persons were also said to be employed in either a masculine, feminine, or sex-neutral occupation. Subjects then recorded their first impressions of the stimulus-person on a person-perception questionnaire. Analysis indicated that persons wearing masculine clothing were perceived as more successful in their occupations than persons wearing feminine clothing for both the masculine and feminine (business) occupations. No differences were found for persons in the sex-neutral occupation. Additional analyses are discussed and conclusions drawn regarding the effect of clothing in sex-role stereotyping in first-impression situations.

Attribution of Feminine and Masculine Traits to Opposite-Sex Dyads

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn L. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Male Stimulus ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Descriptions of achieving female and male dyads in different relationships were presented to subjects and rated using masculine and feminine stereotypic traits. The relationship between the dyads varied in level of involvement—no relationship between them, acquainted, dating and married. Both the male and female stimulus-persons were rated more masculine when they were successful than when they were unsuccessful. Attributions of masculine traits to the “out-of-role,” achieving, female stimulus-person were made on the basis of internal factors, whereas attributions to the “in-role” achieving, male stimulus-person were made on the basis of both internal and external factors. In ratings made by men, the woman's achievement level affected the man's masculinity and self-esteem when the couple was dating—they attributed lower masculinity and lower self-esteem to the male stimulus-person when the woman was a success than when she was a failure. A nonstereotypic description of the couple, in which the woman was first and the man second, increased the masculinity and decreased the femininity attributed to both of them.

scholarly journals Internet Banking Among Baby Boomers: A Case Study on Customer Satisfaction in Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Yeap Pei Xin ◽  
Vasithra Devamanickam ◽  
Nur Izyan Syazwani Binti Ismail Marzuki ◽  
Siti Nur Aminah Binti Wan Ahmad Daknam ◽  
Siti Noratikah Binti Adnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Two Independent Variables

The present study focuses on the factors relating to why Baby Boomers are reluctant to adopt internet banking and to investigate the level of convenience experienced when using it. A quantitative method was employed to analyse the data based on the conceptual framework. A survey questionnaire was chosen as the research instrument. The findings show that the two independent variables, service quality and convenience, did not correlate, but there was a significant affect from customer satisfaction with internet banking among the Baby Boomer respondents. The R-squared value was 0.928, meaning that 92.8% of the both independent variables affected the dependent variable. Another 7.2% was indicated for other independent variables not used in this study.

Female-Male versus Male-Female: Does the Order Affect Stereotyped Trait Attributions?

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-481
Author(s):  
Margaret Jean Intons-Peterson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Male Stimulus ◽  
Male College ◽  
American Society ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Rate Female ◽  
Male College Students

The traditional male-female ordering found in American society may reinforce stereotypic attributions of traits to the two sexes. This hypothesis was tested by having female and male college students rate female and male stimulus persons on 12 traits after reading story paragraphs that varied the sex, the ages of the stimulus persons, and the order of presenting the stimulus persons. When the male was tested before the female stimulus person (traditional order), each sex received more favorable ratings on traits usually considered socially desirable for the sex. When the female was tested before the male (counter traditional order), female stimulus persons continued to receive more favorable ratings on traits usually associated with females than the male stimulus persons, but they also received more favorable ratings on traits usually associated with males. Trait attributions also differed for the four age groups tested.

Reading a Smiling Face: Messages Conveyed by Various Forms of Smiling

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1111-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Otta ◽  
Fabiana Follador E Abrosio ◽  
Rachel Leneberg Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Neutral Face

This study investigated the effect of various forms of smiling (closed smile, upper smile, or broad smile) on person perception. Brazilian undergraduates ( N = 330) judged a photograph of a male or female stimulus person in three age ranges (young, middle-aged, and old) and smiling or not. 7–point scales were used to measure respondents' perception of the stimulus persons on various attributes (attractiveness, happiness, extroversion, sympathy, kindness, submission, ambition, and intelligence). We found that a smile enhanced attractiveness and kindness ratings independently of its form, whereas the influence of the various forms on ratings of happiness was additive. As the neutral face changed to a closed smile and the closed smile became a broad smile, target stimuli were attributed greater rated happiness. We also found a contribution of perceivers' gender to the judgements of extroversion and sympathy, indicating a slightly greater discrimination of facial expressions among women than among men.

PERSON PERCEPTION AND THE EVALUATION OF ABORIGINAL TOPICAL ART: HOW TO CHANGE STEREOTYPES

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Knud S. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
White Community

This article reports on a study of impression formation. The evaluation of products by stimulus persons is affected by the adaptation-level concept, the contrast-assimilation principle, and balance theory concepts. Discrepant information produces cognitive reorganization and overevaluation. Two experimental groups (n=54) participated in one of two conditions. In one, a white stimulus person appeared as the “artist” of ten drawings; in the second condition, an Aboriginal “artist” claimed authorship of the identical products. Subsequently, the subjects were asked to evaluate the drawings on an open-ended question and the semantic differential. The results show that the drawings attributed to the Aboriginal “artist” produced more positive impressions and were rated more highly on the semantic differential. These data suggest the importance of developing minority models to counter predominant stereotypes in the white community.

New generalized 2D Ostrowski type inequalities on time scales with k2 points using a parameter

Filomat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 3155-3169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Kermausuor ◽  
Eze Nwaeze
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Type Inequality ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Ostrowski Type Inequality ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Recently, a new Ostrowski type inequality on time scales for k points was proved in [G. Xu, Z. B. Fang: A Generalization of Ostrowski type inequality on time scales with k points. Journal of Mathematical Inequalities (2017), 11(1):41-48]. In this article, we extend this result to the 2-dimensional case. Besides extension, our results also generalize the three main results of Meng and Feng in the paper [Generalized Ostrowski type inequalities for multiple points on time scales involving functions of two independent variables. Journal of Inequalities and Applications (2012), 2012:74]. In addition, we apply some of our theorems to the continuous, discrete, and quantum calculus to obtain more interesting results in this direction. We hope that results obtained in this paper would find their place in approximation and numerical analysis.

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