“The Internal Police Officer Has Not Retired but Has Slowed Down”: Israeli Women Reframe Their Aging Experiences in the Second Half of Life

Compared with gains, losses have received a substantial amount of research and public attention. The present study aims to shed light on the positive gains associated with older age from the perspective of older women. Five focus groups with 19 Israeli women over the age of 54 were conducted. Trailers of three different films were used to stimulate discussion about old age and aging and allow for reflections on societal norms in light of personal experiences. Focus group interviews were analyzed thematically. Respondents identified four contexts, characterized by reframing their experiences against societal norms. These included gender stereotypes, physical appearance, interpersonal relations, and employment. This study represents an opening to a different discourse around old age, which is characterized by gains and possibilities brought about by changes in reframing one’s experiences, while distancing oneself and exerting free will vis à vis social norms.

Automated Personal Thesaurus TEZAL: Reconstructing the Psychosemantic Foundations of Interpersonal Relations

The present research featured the psychosemantic foundation of interpersonal relations, the latter represented as a three-level system. The psychosemantic foundation contains implicit models of interpersonal relations; the regulatory level regulates interpersonal relationships in various contexts; the behavioral level manifests itself in direct interpersonal behavior. The research was based on the method of semantic differential. However, the method proved too sensitive to various kinds of heterogeneity of the test subjects, which rendered it impossible to identify the factor structure. As a result, the semantic differential was converted to factorial personality systems through the Automated Personal Thesaurus TEZAL. In this research, the semantic differential vocabulary profile was converted to 16PF personality profile. The semantic differential and converted data underwent statistical and comparative analyses, which singled out the general structures of perception in the system of interpersonal relations. The procedure revealed two bipolar factors. The factor of social self-organization reflected the degree of orderliness of social activity and behavior. The factor of social interaction demonstrated the flexibility, activity and initiative of social behavior. A regression analysis of the psychosemantic foundations revealed a more complex system, when interpersonal relations are perceived through the role image of mother and friend. Thus, initial data conversion provided a more detailed reconstruction of the psychosemantic foundation of interpersonal relations.

University spaces for cooperation strengthening pro-innovative attitudes of academic community

The article and its undertaken matter are part of the discussion on the pro-innovative nature of a university – featuring examples of (mainly educational) activities which boost innovation on the university campus and beyond, and referring to trends occurring in the analysed areas. The presented content has been limited to the social dimension of innovation, which among other things, changes the way of perceiving the world and interpersonal relations, also in terms of organization of workspaces and (co)working methods. The purpose of the article is also to draw attention to the participation of students, academic teachers in various activities (also pro-innovative ones) taking place within a non-traditional social infrastructure. Problem analysis was based on literature studies, including reports on research on innovation as well as on the author’s professional experience related to new spaces of education – and an attempt to answer the question: “Can cooperation within the described spaces strengthen pro-innovative attitudes, including the attitudes of future pedagogues?”

Coping in mental health during social isolation: analysis in light of Hildegard Peplau

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the coping of individuals in social isolation due to suspicion or confirmation of coronavirus infection from the perspective of Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive research, carried out with 34 individuals in social isolation due to suspicion or confirmation of coronavirus infection who passed through a screening tent of a university hospital in Paraná. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews in June and July 2020. Empirical categories were interpreted by content analysis. Results: four categories emerged: Distance; Social and emotional support; Self-awareness and resolution; Learning. These categories established the coping strategies. Conclusions: individuals undergoing social isolation are more likely to present problems related to mental health. It was highlighted that coping strategies, motivated by nurses, anchored in Hildegard Peplau’s theoretical framework, promoted the necessary learning for promoting participants’ mental health in the face of a pandemic context.

A Research on Digital Violence in Social Media

The internet, which started to enter our lives with the last quarter of the 20th century, is being used more and more widely every day due to the facilitating effect of technological innovations on human life. Especially in the last 20 years, people have moved their social lives to the internet due to the fast and practical access to information, the diversity of opportunities it offers, the freedom to meet people from different parts of the world, and similar conveniences. In this new process, which is called the information society, there are many areas from social life to economy, from politics to health. However, this structure, which facilitates human life, has also brought with it negativities that can cause serious problems in interpersonal relations. All these negativities, which have a legal dimension, are described as the concept of “digital violence.”

Death and dying of newborns and children: relationships between nursing and family according to Travelbee

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the nursing staff's perception of their relationship with families of newborns and children who are in the process of death and dying. Methods: Qualitative research, carried out in the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a public maternity hospital in Rio Grande do Norte, with 17 nursing professionals, through a semi-structured interview. After being transcribed, the data were subjected to Bardin's content analysis and interpreted in the light of the theory of Interpersonal Relations proposed by Travelbee. Results: Four categories emerged from the analysis: "Caring and welcoming people, feelings and stories"; "Reactions in the midst of pain: moving between acceptance and suffering"; "Communication of bad news: challenges and strategies"; "The weight of caring and suffering". Final considerations: Family assistance can be established using Travelbee's principles, as they offer timely theoretical support for nursing actions in the context of the process of death and dying.

Totalna porażka. O dwóch projektach fotograficznych [Epic Fail: About Two Photographic Projects]

Epic Fail: About Two Photographic ProjectsThe paper discusses images of failure in Polish photography created in 1970–2000, drawing on three particular projects: Archeology of Photography by Jerzy Lewczyński and the exhibitions The New Documentalists (2006) and Postdocument: Missing Documents: Documents of the Polish Transformation After 1989 (2012). As such, it concentrates on documentary, or post-documentary, photography which suffers no illusions as to the mimetic power of the medium, but persists in hoping that photos can have social impact.As the analyzed projects aim to create a critical picture of reality, they focus on spaces and people subject to exclusion and on the experience of failure (e.g., Unfinished Houses by Konrad Pustoła and Wojciech Wilczyk’s There’s No Such Thing as an Innocent Eye), as well as on the erosion of interpersonal relations (e.g., Aneta Grzeszykowska’s Album). Disappointments stemming from both the socialist reality and Polish capitalism mix with the desire to find and preserve what is intimate and authentic. The discussed artists devote the majority of their attention to the problem of photography as a medium and its ability to generate social change. However, they remain fully aware of the fact that the very nature of the photographic image, with its media entanglements, makes it difficult to create an unadulterated reflection of reality; it also makes it difficult to accept anything that does not fit the visual poetics of success, anything old, damaged, démodé, or kitschy. Accordingly, the artists raise important questions about the rules for creating images in the photographic universe and about the possibility of transcending them to create a new type of document, one that would elude the rules of “dominant images” (a term first coined by Rafał Drozdowski), and to enable such a use of photography as was postulated by John Berger: rooted in personal experience and memory. Totalna porażka. O dwóch projektach fotograficznychArtykuł ukazuje obrazy porażki w fotografii polskiej powstałej w okresie 1970–2000. Odwołuje się do trzech projektów: Archeologii fotografii Jerzego Lewczyńskiego oraz wystaw Nowi dokumentaliści (2006) i Postdokument. Świat nie przedstawiony. Dokumenty polskiej transformacji po 1989 roku (2012). Skupia się więc na fotografii nurtu dokumentalnego czy postdokumentalnego – nieżywiącej złudzeń co do mimetycznej mocy medium, ale nieporzucającej nadziei na społeczne oddziaływanie zdjęć.Przywoływane projekty stawiają sobie za cel stworzenie krytycznego obrazu rzeczywistości, a więc koncentrują się na przestrzeniach i ludziach podlegających wykluczeniu, przegranych (np. Niedokończone domy Konrada Pustoły, Niewinne oko nie istnieje Wojciecha Wilczyka), a także na erozji stosunków międzyludzkich (np. Album Anety Grzeszykowskiej). Rozczarowania związane zarówno z rzeczywistością socjalistyczną, jak i polskim kapitalizmem, mieszają się z pragnieniem odnalezienia i ocalenia tego, co żywe, bliskie, autentyczne.Artyści najwięcej uwagi poświęcają problemowi fotografii jako medium i jej zdolności generowania społecznej zmiany. Zdają sobie sprawę, że specyfika obrazu fotograficznego z jego medialnymi uwikłaniami utrudnia przekazanie niezafałszowanego obrazu rzeczywistości oraz akceptację tego, co nie mieści się w obrębie wizualnej poetyki sukcesu, tego, co stare, zniszczone, niemodne, kiczowate. Zadają w ten sposób pytanie o reguły tworzenia obrazów w fotograficznym uniwersum i o możliwość ich przekroczenia – stworzenia nowego dokumentu. Miałby on wymykać się regułom „obrazów dominujących” (określenie Rafała Drozdowskiego), umożliwić takie użycie fotografii, jakie postulował John Berger: zakorzenione w osobistym doświadczeniu i pamięci.

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS ON THE MEANING OF A CRITICAL APPROACH TO FEMINISTIC THEORY

A critical theory of communication (or economics, or politics) needs to involve a critique of society as a whole. Critical communication theory deals with a variety of relevant topics, including language, organizational structure, interpersonal relations, and the media. Communication itself according to a critical perspective is a result of the pressure (tension) between individual creativity in providing a framework for messages and social constraints. Development in the millennium era The Millennium Development Goals (MDG's) have one of the goals of which is towards the equal partnership of men and women by increasing justice and gender equality in every development sector. However, the problem of gender inequality is indicated by the low quality of life and the role of women, the high number of acts of violence against women as measured by the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Index (GEM). The research method used is qualitative in a literature review approach