THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY AND COGNITIVE STYLE MEASURED ON THE STROOP TEST

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Alansari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between anxiety and cognitive style, as measured on the Stroop Color-Word Test. A sample of 253 respondents, selected on the basis of their anxiety scores, were administered the Stroop Test and Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS). The subjects were divided into two groups, the most and the least anxious, depending upon their anxiety scores on the KUAS. The results showed no significant difference between the most and least anxious groups in cognitive style, indicating increased interference in both groups. These findings suggest the susceptibility of both groups to constricted cognitive style, and their propensity to interference effects on the Stroop test.

THE IMPACT OF ANXIETY AND GENDER ON PERCEIVING THE MUELLER-LYER ILLUSION

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khader A. Baroun ◽  
Bader M. Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between anxiety, gender and the Mueller-Lyer illusion perception among a sample of 242 undergraduate students (66 males and 176 females), of Kuwait University, Kuwait, to the Mueller-Lyer and Horizontal-Vertical illusion forms. The subjects were divided into 3 groups (high, middle and low anxiety) in accordance with their anxiety scale scores. Although the overall analysis showed no significant difference between males and females with respect to most variables, a significant difference in anxiety was observed where females scored higher than males. The results also showed that gender had no significant correlation to the Mueller-Lyer perception and Horizontal-Vertical illusion. In addition, no significant difference was found as regards the anxiety and gender relationship to degree of illusion. However, the data did show some significant difference in relationship between anxiety and the perception of illusion, with males exhibiting higher scores for anxiety tending to have higher illusion error scores than males with low anxiety scores. Females with higher anxiety scores also were found to have higher illusion error scores than females with low anxiety scores.

Field Independence and Stroop Color-Word Performance

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney H. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boundary Strength

Several investigators (Klein, 1964; Frankenhaeuser, et al., 1967; Hochman, 1967) have reported that performance on the Stroop color-word test is accompanied by signs of stress, tension, and frustration. In this test, Ss are asked to name the colors of ink used to print names of other colors, i.e., the word “red” is printed in blue ink. Saltz (1971) suggests that Ss who develop strong boundaries for cognitive systems are less likely to have these systems disrupted by stress than are Ss whose boundaries are weaker. Using one of Witkin, et al.‘s (1962) field-independence measures (Hidden-figures) as an index of boundary strength, the present experiment was designed to explore the relationship between an individual's boundary strength and color-word performance.

Examination of Some Aspects of the Stroop Color-Word Test

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1211-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Dalrymple-Alford ◽  
Bushra Budayr
Keyword(s):  
Color Word ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Test Color

In the Stroop Test color naming is found to be slower when the colors are those in which non-corresponding color names are written. A similar result was found when the incongruent word-color combinations were presented individually. When presented in lists, the structure of the lists was found to contribute to impairment of color naming.

Novelty-Experiencing, Internal Scanning, and Cognitive Control

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Gaines ◽  
Robert D. Coursey
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined whether novelty-seeking is related to individual differences in verbal behavior and information processing. Assessment was made of self-reported preferences for kinds (cognitions, sensations) and sources (internal, external) of varied stimulation, internal scanning (defined in terms of the availability of alternate word meanings), and interference proneness (Stroop Color-Word Test). It was hypothesized that internal-cognitizers would do more internal scanning and that external-sensation seekers would be more interference prone. Relationships were in the predicted direction but they were nonsignificant. The results suggest a need for understanding the relationship between self-reported preference for novelty and manifestations of novelty-production in behavior.

VIDEO GAMES AND THE ELDERLY

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Goldstein ◽  
Lara Cajko ◽  
Mark Oosterbroek ◽  
Moniek Michielsen ◽  
Oscar Van Houten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test

This study examined the effects of playing video games (Super Tetris) on the reaction time, cognitive/perceptual adaptability, and emotional well-being of 22 noninstitutionalized elderly people aged 69 to 90. Volunteers in an elderly community in the Netherlands were randomly assigned to a videogameplaying experimental group or a nonplaying control group. The televisions of the 10 videogame players were provided with Nintendo SuperNes systems. Participants played Super Tetris 5 hours a week for 5 weeks, and maintained a log of their play. Before and after this play period, measures of reaction time (Sternberg Test; Steinberg, 1969), cognitive/perceptual adaptability (Stroop Color Word Test; Stroop, 1935), and emotional well-being (self-report questionnaire) were administered. Playing video games was related to a significant improvement in the Sternberg reaction time task, and to a relative increase in selfreported well-being. On the Stroop Color Word Test, both the experimental and control groups improved significantly, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant. The videogame-playing group had faster reaction times and felt a more positive sense of well-being compared to their nonplaying counterparts. Consistent with previous research on video games and the elderly, the present study finds the strongest effects on measures of reaction time, and the weakest effects on cognitive performance measures. Explanations and alternative interpretations of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Detecting the significance of changes in performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test, Rey's Verbal Learning Test, and the Letter Digit Substitution Test: The regression-based change approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIM VAN DER ELST ◽  
MARTIN P.J. VAN BOXTEL ◽  
GERARD J.P. VAN BREUKELEN ◽  
JELLE JOLLES
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Total Recall ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
Learning Test

Serial neuropsychological assessment is often conducted to monitor changes in the cognitive abilities of individuals over time. Because practice effects occur and the reliability of test scores is less than perfect, it is difficult to judge whether varying test results should be attributed to chance trends or to real changes in underlying cognitive abilities. In a large sample of adults (age range, 49–81 years), we evaluated the influence of age, gender, and education on test–retest changes in performance after 3 years on Rey's Verbal Learning Test (VLT), the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), and the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST). A new statistical method was applied to assess the significance of changes in test performance (i.e., the regression-based change method). The results showed that test–retest changes differed as a function of age for the VLT Total recall 1–3, VLT Total recall 1–5, VLT Delayed recall, and LDST measures. An age × gender interaction was found for the SCWT Interference change score, suggesting that the age-related decline in executive functioning after 3 years was more pronounced for males than for females. A normative change table with appropriate corrections for the relevant independent variables was established. (JINS, 2008,14, 71–80.)

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