Comparison of Cognitive Resource Allocation Patterns and Reading Performance Between Younger and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
Sun Hyun Moon ◽  
Wonil Choi ◽  
Soo Rim Noh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Cognitive Resource ◽  
Allocation Patterns

Application of Information Introduced to Dynamic Message Processing and Enjoyment

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungho Park ◽  
Rachel L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Message Complexity ◽  
Cognitive Resource ◽  
Cognitive Overload

Abstract. In an effort to quantify message complexity in such a way that predictions regarding the moment-to-moment cognitive and emotional processing of viewers would be made, Lang and her colleagues devised the coding system information introduced (or ii). This coding system quantifies the number of structural features that are known to consume cognitive resources and considers it in combination with the number of camera changes (cc) in the video, which supply additional cognitive resources owing to their elicitation of an orienting response. This study further validates ii using psychophysiological responses that index cognitive resource allocation and recognition memory. We also pose two novel hypotheses regarding the confluence of controlled and automatic processing and the effect of cognitive overload on enjoyment of messages. Thirty television advertisements were selected from a pool of 172 (all 20 s in length) based on their ii/cc ratio and ratings for their arousing content. Heart rate change over time showed significant deceleration (indicative of increased cognitive resource allocation) for messages with greater ii/cc ratios. Further, recognition memory worsened as ii/cc increased. It was also found that message complexity increases both automatic and controlled allocations to processing, and that the most complex messages may have created a state of cognitive overload, which was received as enjoyable by the participants in this television context.

scholarly journals Ramping and phasic dopamine activity accounts for efficient cognitive resource allocation during reinforcement learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minryung R. Song ◽  
Sang Wan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Temporal Difference ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Cognitive Resource ◽  
A Value ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
And Task

AbstractDopamine activity may transition between two patterns: phasic responses to reward-predicting cues and ramping activity arising when an agent approaches the reward. However, when and why dopamine activity transitions between these modes is not understood. We hypothesize that the transition between ramping and phasic patterns reflects resource allocation which addresses the task dimensionality problem during reinforcement learning (RL). By parsimoniously modifying a standard temporal difference (TD) learning model to accommodate a mixed presentation of both experimental and environmental stimuli, we simulated dopamine transitions and compared it with experimental data from four different studies. The results suggested that dopamine transitions from ramping to phasic patterns as the agent narrows down candidate stimuli for the task; the opposite occurs when the agent needs to re-learn candidate stimuli due to a value change. These results lend insight into how dopamine deals with the tradeoff between cognitive resource and task dimensionality during RL.

Resource allocation patterns of two California-Sonoran desert ephemerals

Oecologia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Clark ◽  
J. H. Burk
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Allocation Patterns

scholarly journals The Later Innings of Life: Implications of COVID ‐19 Resource Allocation Strategies for Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2714-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Farrell ◽  
Leslie Francis ◽  
Nancy E. Lundebjerg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Allocation of resources to sex functions in flowering plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 332 (1262) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Biological Reality ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Unisexual Flowers

The study of allocation of resources offers the possibility of understanding the pressures of natural selection on reproductive functions. In allocation studies, theoretical predictions are generated and the assumptions as well as the predictions can be tested in the field. Here, we review some of the theoretical models, and discuss how much biological reality can be included in them, and what factors have been left out. We also review the empirical data that have been generated as tests of this body of theory. There are many problems associated with estimating reproductive resources, and also with testing how allocation of these resources affects reproductive and other components of fitness, and we assess how important these may be in allowing empirical results to be interpreted. Finally, we discuss the relevance of resource allocation patterns to the evolution of unisexual flowers, both at the level of individual plants (monoecy, andro- and gynomonoecy) and at the population level (dioecy).

scholarly journals Relationships between resprouting ability, species traits and resource allocation patterns in woody species in a temperate forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rei Shibata ◽  
Hiroko Kurokawa ◽  
Mitsue Shibata ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
Shigeo Iida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Resprouting Ability

The effects of self-control on cognitive resource allocation during sustained attention: a transcranial Doppler investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 2215-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Becker ◽  
Arielle R. Mandell ◽  
June P. Tangney ◽  
Linda D. Chrosniak ◽  
Tyler H. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Resource
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