scholarly journals Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Treatment and Animal Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 290-298
Author(s):  
Archana Chaudhary ◽  
Pandit Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Keywords Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Standard Animal

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain and damage throughout your body. About 75% of Rheumatoid arthritis patients are women. In fact, 1 – 3% of women may get rheumatoid arthritis in their lifetime. The disease most often begins between the ages of 30 and 50. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune system attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround your joints. The resulting inflammation thickens the synovium, which can eventually destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint. The tendons and ligaments that hold the joint together weaken and stretch. Gradually, the joint loses its shape and alignment. It also affects other organs of body like: skin, eyes, heart, kidneys, and lungs.  The main risk factors that cause Rheumatoid arthritis are Age, Gender, Genetics, weight, smoking, diet, etc. Three main ways to treat rheumatoid arthritis are Drugs, physical therapies and surgery. There are four main groups of drugs that are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs  and steroids (also known as corticosteroids). Collagen induced arthritis and Adjuvant arthritis are the most commonly used standard animal models in Rheumatoid arthritis.  This literature review assessed the sign & symptoms, risk factors, etiology, treatment and standard animal models for Rheumatoid arthritis. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Inflammation, Antirheumatic drugs, Adjuvants, Rat, Mice.

Adherence Rates and Associations with Nonadherence in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2164-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
BART J.F. van den BEMT ◽  
FRANK H.J. van den HOOGEN ◽  
BART BENRAAD ◽  
YECHIEL A. HEKSTER ◽  
PIET L.C.M. van RIEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Modifying

Objective.Nonadherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) may result in unnecessarily high levels of disease activity and function loss. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess adherence rates with self-report measures in a large random population, and to identify potential risk factors for nonadherence.Methods.A randomly selected sample of 228 patients with RA using DMARD was invited for a standardised interview. For each medicine, the patients were asked about adherence, consumption and perceived (side) effects. After the interview, the patients received self-report questionnaires to assess adherence [Compliance Questionnaire on Rheumatology (CQR) and the Medication Adherence Scale (MARS)], coping, beliefs about medicines, satisfaction about medicine information, and physical functioning. Subsequently, associations between adherence and demographics, clinical characteristics, and patient attitudes were examined.Results.Depending on the instrument used, 68% (CQR) and 60% (MARS) of the patients were adherent to DMARD. Nonadherence was not associated with demographic and clinical characteristics, satisfaction about information, medication concerns, and coping styles. The disease duration, the number of perceived side-effects, and beliefs about the necessity of the medicine were weakly associated with adherence.Conclusion.In this large study with a random RA population, 32%–40% of the patients did not adhere to their DMARD prescription. As none of the possible risk factors was strongly related to adherence, no general risk factor seems to be powerful enough as a possible screening tool or target for adherence-improving interventions. This implies that nonadherence barriers should be assessed on an individual basis.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hospitalized Infections Is Reduced in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Who Received Biological and Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs after 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiro Ichinose ◽  
Toshimasa Shimizu ◽  
Masataka Umeda ◽  
Shoichi Fukui ◽  
Ayako Nishino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Observation Period

Background. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs are important in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. The risk of hospitalized infection associated with bDMARDs/tsDMARDs in RA patients is unclear. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of the 275 RA patients with 449 treatment episodes who were administered a bDMARD/tsDMARD at Nagasaki University Hospital in July 2003–January 2015. We determined the incidence and risk factors of infection requiring hospitalization in the patients during a 3-year observation period. Results. Thirty-five (12.7%) of the patients experienced a hospitalized infection. The hospitalized infection risk did not differ significantly among several bDMARDs/tsDMARDs. A multivariate analysis revealed that the comorbidities of chronic lung disease (adjusted HR 5.342, 95% CI 2.409–12.42, p<0.0001) and the initiation of bDMARDs/tsDMARDs before 2010 (adjusted HR 4.266, 95% CI 1.827–10.60, p=0.0007) are significant independent risk factors for hospitalized infection. Compared to the before-2010 group, the group of patients whose treatment initiated in 2010 or later showed higher patient ages at the initiation of bDMARD/tsDMARD treatment and a higher rate of the use of prophylaxis with an antituberculosis agent, whereas the disease activities and number of the patients who received >5 mg of prednisolone were lower in the after-2010 group. Conclusions. This is the first report that the frequency of hospitalized infection significantly decreased when the patients were treated with a bDMARD or tsDMARD after 2010. Our results indicate that the updated announcement of diagnosis and treatment criteria might contribute to a reduced risk of hospitalized infection and a better understanding of the use of bDMARDs/tsDMARDs by rheumatologists.

scholarly journals New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis may Rise from the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway and Antinociceptive Pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2248-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Pan ◽  
Jianxin Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Yu ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Ligeng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Current Stage

Due to the complex etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is difficult to be completely cured at the current stage although many approaches have been applied in clinics, especially the wide application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). New drug discovery and development via the recently discovered cholinergic anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive pathways should be promising. Based on the above, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists maintain the potential for the treatment of RA. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches may rise from these two newly discovered pathways. More preclinical experiments and clinical trials are required to confirm our viewpoint.

scholarly journals Application of Liposomes in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Quo Vadis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Kapoor ◽  
Sachin Kumar Singh ◽  
Monica Gulati ◽  
Reena Gupta ◽  
Yogyata Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Synovial Cells ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
Drug Free

The most common treatments for rheumatoid arthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and some biological agents. However, none of the treatments available is able to achieve the ultimate goal of treatment, that is, drug-free remission. This limitation has shifted the focus of treatment to delivery strategies with an ability to deliver the drugs into the synovial cavity in the proper dosage while mitigating side effects to other tissues. A number of approaches like microemulsions, microspheres, liposomes, microballoons, cocrystals, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, microsponges, and so forth, have been used for intrasynovial delivery of these drugs. Amongst these, liposomes have proven to be very effective for retaining the drug in the synovial cavity by virtue of their size and chemical composition. The fast clearance of intra-synovially administered drugs can be overcome by use of liposomes leading to increased uptake of drugs by the target synovial cells, which in turn reduces the exposure of nontarget sites and eliminates most of the undesirable effects associated with therapy. This review focuses on the use of liposomes in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and summarizes data relating to the liposome formulations of various drugs. It also discusses emerging trends of this promising technology.

scholarly journals FRI0526 THE INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE AND MEDICATION USE OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AMONG KOREAN WOMEN IN CHILDBEARING YEARS: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 862.2-863
Author(s):  
M. K. Chung ◽  
J. S. Park ◽  
H. S. Lim ◽  
C. H. Lee ◽  
J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) predominantly affects women and has a significant impact on childbearing. Several population-based studies identifying incidence, prevalence, and medication use of RA have been reported, yet epidemiological studies focusing on women with RA in childbearing years are missing.Objectives:We aimed to identify the incidence, prevalence and medication use of RA among Korean women in childbearing years.Methods:From National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data (2009-2016), containing inpatient and outpatient claim information for approximately 97% of the Korean population, we identified 9,217,139 women aged between 20-44 years. Incidence and prevalence of RA in the specific sociodemographic group of women in childbearing age were analyzed, and the prevalence of medication prescription were compared between women with RA and controls without rheumatic diseases such as RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis. Individuals with RA were defined by the presence of International Classification of Disease, 10th revision code, M05. The medication use was defined as receiving > 90days prescriptions of NSAIDs, corticosteroids (CSs), and conventional synthetic (cs) disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or > 1day prescription of biologic (b) DMARDs.Results:Total 24,590 women with RA were identified. The average incidence of RA during 2011-2016 among women in childbearing years was 24.1/100,000 person-years (PYs) (95% CI 20.91-27.31) with a yearly increase from 20.99/100,000 PYs in 2011 to 28.38/100,000 PYs in 2016. The average prevalence of RA during 2009-2016 among women in childbearing years was 105.2/100,000 PYs (95% CI 99.0-111.5) with a minimum of 95.7/100,000 PYs in 2009 and a maximum of 110.5/100,000 PYs in 2016. There were increasing trends in both incidence and prevalence of RA according to age among women in childbearing years peaking in the age group of 40-44 years. The prescriptions of NSAIDs, CSs, csDMARDs and bDMARDs were more frequent in women with RA than controls (NSAIDs; 94.21% vs 21.79%, CSs; 83.65% vs 4.28%, csDMARDs; 91.23% vs 0.41%, bDMARDs; 0.11% vs 0%, p<0.001).Conclusion:The incidence and prevalence of RA are high among Korean women in childbearing years, and medication use was significantly more frequent in this specific population than controls. High disease burden is imposed upon women in childbearing years.References:[1] Won S, Cho SK, Kim D, Han M, Lee J, Jang EJ, Sung YK, Bae SC: Update on the prevalence and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Korea and an analysis of medical care and drug utilization. Rheumatol Int 2018, 38(4):649-656.[2] Smeele HTW, Dolhain R: Current perspectives on fertility, pregnancy and childbirth in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2019, 49(3s):S32-s35.Table 1.Medication use among women with RA and controls in childbearing age between 20-44 years during 2009-2016Control(n=155,486)RA(n=23,756)n(%)n(%)PNSAIDs33,887(21.79)22,380(94.21)<.0001Steroids6,653(4.28)19,871(83.65)<.0001csDMARDs634(0.41)21,673(91.23)<.0001bDMARDs0(0.00)27(0.11)<.0001RA, rheumatoid arthritis; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; cs, conventional synthetic; b, biologic; DMARDs, disease modifying antirheumatic drugsDisclosure of Interests:None declared

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