scholarly journals Optimation of Auxin and Cytokinin on Enhanced Quality and Weight of Coffea liberica Somatic Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitria Ardiyani ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
Hery Purnobasuki
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Coffea Liberica ◽  
Germination Stage

Coffea liberica is a variety of coffee that tolerant to marginal land, especially peatlands. One of propagation methods in C. liberica is somatic embryogenesis(SE) which producing large number of true-to-type plant seedlings in a short time. This research aimed at studying the effect of application of plant growthregulator (PGR) on quality and weight of somatic embryo of C. liberica. Somatic embryo in development stage was induced by Murashige and Skoog medium containing cytokinin as benzyl amino purin (BAP) and auxin as 2,4-dichlorophe-noxyacetic acid (2,4-D). While cotyledonary embryo in germination stage was induced by Murashige and Skoog medium containing cytokinin (BAP) and auxins as 2,4-D, indole acetic acid (IAA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The resultsshowed that the application of auxins and cytokinins on development stage affected the formation of embryos, texture of calli, color of calli and embryos, and weight of somatic embryo. It also influenced the shoot and root formation, color and weight of geminating embryos of C. liberica at the germinating stage. During the development stage, addition of 1 mg/L BAP in the absence of 2,4-D in MS medium produced the highest quality of somatic embryo of C. liberica. This medium also produced heaviest somatic embryos but with lighter callus. While in germination stage, all medium treatments produced a typical germinating embryo. Coffea liberica germinating embryo growth optimally on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BAP as a single chemical or 0.5 mg/L BAP in combination with 0.5 mg/L IAA for shooting development. Whereas on rooting development, addition of 0.5 mg/L NAA on MS medium produced an optimal germinating embryo. Moreover, germination embryo of C. liberica recorded the highest in terms of dry weight on MS media with addition of 0.5 mg/L BAP. Application of appropriate concentration of auxin and cytokinin is needed to support the formation of somatic embryo and germinating embryo.

Soybean somatic embryo maturation: composition, respiration and water relations

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Slawinska ◽  
R. L. Obendorf
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Embryo Maturation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Somatic Embryo Maturation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

AbstractEmbryogenesis was induced on cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) placed on solid medium containing 62.5 mm glutamine, soybean seed growth medium salts and vitamins, and 40 mg I−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus 175 mm maltose, or 8 mg I−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 88 mM sucrose. Somatic embryo development was continued in liquid medium containing 0.16 mg I−1 indole-3-butyric acid and 2.64 mg I−1 abscisic acid, glutamine and salts as above, and 88–438 mM sucrose in progressively increasing steps. Germination was on solid half-strength Murashige-Skoog medium. During maturation, somatic embryos mimicked zygotic embryos in colour, protein concentration, water and solute potentials, and respiration. Protein and lipid accumulated to 329 and 86 g kg−1 dry weight in somatic embryos. Fatty acid composition was similar to that of axes of mature seeds. Before desiccation, the water and solute potentials of maturing somatic embryos declined to −1.13 and −1.99 MPa while turgor increased to 0.86 MPa. Concomitantly, a 60% reduction in activity of the cytochrome oxidase pathway of respiration occurred with somatic embryo maturation at 600 g water kg−1 fresh weight. Although small (about 8 mg per embryo), 60% of the somatic embryos formed roots and shoots during germination after maturation without drying and 30% germinated after drying to 60 g water kg−1 fresh weight. In the greenhouse, somatic plantlets grew to mature plants with seeds.

Effects of polyamines, polyamine precursors, and polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors on somatic embryogenesis from eggplant (Solarium melongena) cotyledons

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1734-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre R. Fobert ◽  
David T. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Nonspecific Effects ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Low Levels

Eggplant (Solarium melongena L.) cotyledons grown on Murashige and Skoog medium with naphthaleneacetic acid formed callus, roots, and somatic embryos. Low levels of naphthaleneacetic acid (0.1 – 0.5 mg L−1) favoored rhizogenesis, intermediate levels (1.0 – 5.0 mg L−1) favoured embryogenesis, and high levels (10 – 50 mg L−1) favoured callogenesis. Addition of polyamines or their precursors did not induce morphogenesis on medium containing no growth regulator, nor did it affect embryogenesis on medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid, except at the highest concentrations tested, which were inhibitory. Enzyme-activated inhibitors of putrescine synthesis significantly reduced embryogenesis and stimulated rhizogenesis. α-Difluoromethylornithine was more potent in inhibiting embryogenesis and stimulating rhizogenesis than was α-difluoromethylarginine. α-Difluoromethylarginine did not inhibit growth and α-difluoromethylornithine stimulated growth. Addition of putrescine with α-difluoromethylornithine restored embryogenesis to control levels and reduced rhizogenesis. Competitive inhibitors of polyamine synthesis had nonspecific effects. Compared with seedling cotyledons, expiants grown on 5.0 mg naphthaleneacetic acid per litre contained slightly less free soluble putrescine and about the same amount of spermidine. At day 8, free putrescine and spermidine levels were higher in explants grown on naphthaleneacetic acid than in those grown on medium containing no growth regulator. Addition of α-difluoromethylornithine greatly reduced the putrescine and spermidine titres of the explants. Application of putrescine with α-difluoromethylornithine dramatically increased putrescine titres but not spermidine titres. Although the results suggest a role for polyamines in eggplant somatic embryogenesis, they do not support the hypothesis that polyamines act as auxin- or cytokinin-like growth regulators or as second messengers for auxin in this system.

scholarly journals Efficient Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon and Midrib Derived Callus in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rahman ◽  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium

Somatic embryos were obtained from cotyledon and midrib explants of Solanum melongena L., cultivar Loda. For callus induction, medium was supplemented with different concentrations of auxin singly or in combination with BAP. The best callusing 83-85% was obtained from both of the explants cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mgl-1NAA + 0.05 mgl-1BAP. Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved after transferring the calli to MS medium supplemented with BAP, GA3, NAA and Zeatin. Cotyledon derived calli showed better performance (87%) for regeneration than that of midrib (82%) when sub cultured on MS medium having 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin + 1.0 mgl-1 BAP. For root induction, MS + 3.0 mgl-1 IBA was proved to be better treatment for average number (14-15) and mean length (12 cm) of roots than those of other treatments. Key words: Eggplant; cotyledon; midrib; callus induction; somatic embryo J. bio-sci. 14: 1-9, 2006

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Capability of Momordica grosvenori Plantlets Grown Photoautotrophically in Response to Light Intensity

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijun Zhang ◽  
Duanduan Zhao ◽  
Zengqiang Ma ◽  
Xuedong Li ◽  
Yulan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Four Levels

Momordica grosvenori plantlets were cultured in vitro for 26 d on sucrose- and hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with four levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), namely 25, 50, 100, or 200 μmol·m−2·s−1, and a CO2 concentration of 1000 μmol·mol−1 in the culture room [i.e., photoautotrophic micropropagation (PA) treatments]. The control treatment was a photomixotrophic culture using MS medium containing sucrose and NAA with a CO2 concentration of 400 μmol·mol−1 in the culture room and a PPFD of 25 μmol·m−2·s−1. Based on the results, a second experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and sucrose on callus formation. For this, plantlets were grown in the absence and presence of either NAA or sucrose. Compared with the control, the PA plantlet had a well-developed rooting system, better shoot, greater chlorophyll content, and higher electron transport rate and the ex vitro survival percentage was increased by 31%. Both sucrose and NAA stimulated callus formation on the shoot bases of control plantlets, whereas calluses did not form on the plantlets grown in sucrose- and hormone-free medium. The stronger light intensities increased the fresh and dry weight of plantlets. A PPFD of 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 was more suitable for the growth of M. grosvenori plantlets. Therefore, photoautotrophic plantlets grown at high light intensities would be better suited to the intense irradiance found in sunlight.

scholarly journals Pengaruh interval dan lama perendaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan pendewasaan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Effect of immersion interval and duration on the growth and maturation of somatic embryos of sago palm ( Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. SUMARYON
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

AbstractLiquid culture via temporary immersionsystem (TIS) has a potency for enhancingmaturity and uniformity of plant somatic embryos(SE). An experiment was conducted to determinethe effect of medium immersion interval andduration on the growth and maturation of sagoSE in TIS. A clump of SE at globular stagederived from sucker’s tip meristem culture wasused as material source. The SE were cultured ona modified Murashige and Skoog medium addedwith 0.01 mg/L ABA, 1.0 mg/L kinetin and0.1 mg/L GA 3 . The treatments used were TISwith immersion interval of 3, 6 and 12 hourswith duration of 1 and 3 minutes. Solid mediumwas used as a control. The results show that TISwith immersion interval 12 hours for threeminutes produced the highest SE biomass(14.6 g/flask) which had increased by 9.8-foldwithin six weeks. The longer of immersioninterval (less frequent) and the longer ofimmersion duration (three minutes) increasedsignificantly biomass fresh weight of of sago SE.SE biomass of sago on solid medium wassignificantly lower than those of in liquid mediaof TIS. The highest number of advanced stageembryos (torpedo, cotyledonary and earlygerminant) of 643 or 48.2% from the totalnumber of SE was achieved in TIS with 12 hoursinterval for three minutes. During the maturationof sago SE, the color of embryos has changedfrom mostly yellowish to greenish and reddish.AbstrakKultur cair dengan sistem perendaman sesaat(SPS) berpotensi untuk meningkatkanpendewasaan dan keseragaman embrio somatik(ES) tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan pengaruh interval dan lamaperendaman terhadap proses pendewasaan ESsagu dalam SPS. Bahan yang digunakan berupaES fase globuler asal kultur pucuk tunas anakansagu. ES sagu dikulturkan dalam mediumMurashige dan Skoog yang dimodifikasiditambah ABA 0,01 mg/L; kinetin 1 mg/L danGA 3 0,1 mg/L. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalahkultur SPS dengan interval perendaman 3, 6 dan12 jam dengan lama perendaman 1 dan 3 menitserta kultur padat sebagai pembanding. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan SPSdengan interval perendaman 12 jam selama tigamenit menghasilkan bobot biomassa ES tertinggiyaitu 14,6 g/bejana yang meningkat 9,8 kalidalam waktu enam minggu. Interval peren-daman lebih lama (lebih jarang) dan lama peren-daman lebih panjang (tiga menit) meningkatkansecara nyata bobot segar biomassa ES sagu.Biomassa ES sagu pada medium padat secaranyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kulturkotiledon dan kecambah dini) tertinggi yaitu 643atau 48,2% dari jumlah total ES diperoleh pada perlakuan SPS interval 12 jam dengan lama tigamenit. Seiring dengan pendewasaan ES sagu, terjadi perubahan warna dari sebagian besar kuning menjadi hijau dan merah.

scholarly journals Pengaruh interval dan lama perendaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan pendewasaan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Effect of immersion interval and duration on the growth and maturation of somatic embryos of sago palm ( Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. SUMARYON
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

AbstractLiquid culture via temporary immersionsystem (TIS) has a potency for enhancingmaturity and uniformity of plant somatic embryos(SE). An experiment was conducted to determinethe effect of medium immersion interval andduration on the growth and maturation of sagoSE in TIS. A clump of SE at globular stagederived from sucker’s tip meristem culture wasused as material source. The SE were cultured ona modified Murashige and Skoog medium addedwith 0.01 mg/L ABA, 1.0 mg/L kinetin and0.1 mg/L GA 3 . The treatments used were TISwith immersion interval of 3, 6 and 12 hourswith duration of 1 and 3 minutes. Solid mediumwas used as a control. The results show that TISwith immersion interval 12 hours for threeminutes produced the highest SE biomass(14.6 g/flask) which had increased by 9.8-foldwithin six weeks. The longer of immersioninterval (less frequent) and the longer ofimmersion duration (three minutes) increasedsignificantly biomass fresh weight of of sago SE.SE biomass of sago on solid medium wassignificantly lower than those of in liquid mediaof TIS. The highest number of advanced stageembryos (torpedo, cotyledonary and earlygerminant) of 643 or 48.2% from the totalnumber of SE was achieved in TIS with 12 hoursinterval for three minutes. During the maturationof sago SE, the color of embryos has changedfrom mostly yellowish to greenish and reddish.AbstrakKultur cair dengan sistem perendaman sesaat(SPS) berpotensi untuk meningkatkanpendewasaan dan keseragaman embrio somatik(ES) tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan pengaruh interval dan lamaperendaman terhadap proses pendewasaan ESsagu dalam SPS. Bahan yang digunakan berupaES fase globuler asal kultur pucuk tunas anakansagu. ES sagu dikulturkan dalam mediumMurashige dan Skoog yang dimodifikasiditambah ABA 0,01 mg/L; kinetin 1 mg/L danGA 3 0,1 mg/L. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalahkultur SPS dengan interval perendaman 3, 6 dan12 jam dengan lama perendaman 1 dan 3 menitserta kultur padat sebagai pembanding. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan SPSdengan interval perendaman 12 jam selama tigamenit menghasilkan bobot biomassa ES tertinggiyaitu 14,6 g/bejana yang meningkat 9,8 kalidalam waktu enam minggu. Interval peren-daman lebih lama (lebih jarang) dan lama peren-daman lebih panjang (tiga menit) meningkatkansecara nyata bobot segar biomassa ES sagu.Biomassa ES sagu pada medium padat secaranyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kulturkotiledon dan kecambah dini) tertinggi yaitu 643atau 48,2% dari jumlah total ES diperoleh pada perlakuan SPS interval 12 jam dengan lama tigamenit. Seiring dengan pendewasaan ES sagu, terjadi perubahan warna dari sebagian besar kuning menjadi hijau dan merah.

scholarly journals Effect of Bead Composition, PVS Type, and Recovery Medium in Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart ‘Valentine’—Preliminary Study

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kulus
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Lamprocapnos Spectabilis ◽  
Recovery Medium

Bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara) is a valuable ornamental and medicinal perennial. To date, there are few studies focused on cryopreservation of this species, although it could be useful in storage and breeding. This research is aimed at analyzing the effect of bead composition, type of plant vitrification solution (PVS), and the recovery medium of cryopreservation of bleeding heart. Shoot tips of L. spectabilis ‘Valentine’ were used in the study. The explants were precultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS; 1962), supplemented with 9% sucrose, 1.0-mg·L−1 kinetin (KIN), and 2.62-mg·L−1 abscisic acid. Next, in the first experiment, the shoot tips were embedded in 3% calcium alginate, based either on an MS medium or distilled sterile water. The produced synseeds were inoculated on the recovery medium with 3.0-mg·L−1 KIN, 0.5-mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), or cytokinin–free control. Based on the results of the first study, in the second experiment, precultured shoot tips were embedded in 3% calcium alginate based on MS medium and dehydrated with PVS2 or PVS3 for various durations. The pre-treated explants were plunged in liquid nitrogen and, after rewarming, inoculated on the recovery MS medium with 0.5-mg·L−1 BA. PVS3 was more effective in securing the shoot tips than PVS2. The highest recovery level (68.3%) was reported after a 150-min pretreatment with PVS3. Explants from this experimental combination also proliferated the highest number of shoots, as well as those with the greatest length. On the other hand, a higher share of dry weight was found in PVS2-derived shoots (13.5–18.2%) compared with plants produced after PVS3 treatment (10.6–11.4%). The obtained results here can serve as a good basis for further studies related to synthetic seeds and cryopreservation of bleeding heart.

DETEKSI VARIASI SOMAKLONAL PLANLET Jatropha curcas Linn. HASIL REGENERASI EMBRIO SOMATIK DENGAN MARKA MOLEKULAR ISSR

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
. Rudiyanto ◽  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Erwin Al-Hafiizh ◽  
Tri Muji Ermayanti
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Somaclonal Variations ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Germination Medium

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.) has the potential as a source of sustainable biofuels. Somatic embryo proliferation of J. curcas may cause somaclonal variations. This research aimed to investigate somaclonal variations of J. curcas somatic embryo derived-plantlet using ISSR markers. Somatic embryos of J. curcas at the globular phase were cultured on liquid MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Parameter observed were embryos weight, embryos volume, colour, and size of embryos. After proliferation, the embryos were cultured on a germination medium until the cotyledonary phase. The results showed that proliferation of J. curcas somatic embryos was optimal, with the highest weight and volume,  at MS medium added with 1 mg L-1 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Embriogenesis somatik dari pucuk tunas tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.))

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Tamania SAPTARI ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Modified Ms Medium

 Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important crop in the dry areas of the Middle East and North Africa. This palm has been introduced to many countries but has not been grown commercially in Indonesia. Date palm propaga-tion by seeds is easy but its progenies are varied and a half of them are male trees that will not produce fruits. Meanwhile, the propagation by offshoots is impractical and technically difficult. Tissue culture makes it possible to massproduce of genetically identicalsuperior date palms. This research aimed to develop somatic embryogenesis (SE) of date palm using shoot tipand young leaves of date palm seedling as explants. Steps on somatic embryogenesis are explant sterilization, callus initiation and proliferation, somatic embryos induction and maturation, and plantlets matura-tion and rooting. Calli emerged from shoot tip explants after  9 weeks of culture in a modified MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/L 2,4-D, 1 mg/L or  3 mg/L 2-iP, and 1.5 g/L active charcoal. The callus was able to bear somatic embryo in the modified MS medium without hormones. Somatic embryos then developed into plantlets, and roots of plantlets were effectively initiated in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L IBA.[Keywords:sterilization,  callogenesis, somatic embryo induction, plantlet rooting, clonal propagation]. Abstrak  Tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) merupakan tanaman terpenting di wilayah kering Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Palma ini telah menyebar ke banyak negara, namun belum ditanam secara komersial di Indonesia. Perbanyakan kurma dengan biji sangat mudah tetapi turunannya sangat beragam dan setengahnya merupakan tanaman jantan yang tidak berbuah. Perbanyakan dengan anakan (offshoots) secara komersial tidak praktis dan relatif sulit. Kultur jaringan memungkinkan untuk dihasilkan secara massal bibit tanaman kurma varietas unggul yang secara genetik seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan embriogenesis somatik menggunakan eksplan pucuk tunasdan daun muda dari bibit tanaman kurma. Pengembangan embriogenesis somatik terdiri dari tahap sterilisasi eksplan, inisiasi dan proliferasi kalus, induksi dan maturasi embrio somatik, serta pembesaran dan pembentukan akar planlet. Kalus terbentuk dari eksplan pucuk tunassetelah 9 minggu dikultur pada medium MS modifikasi yang ditambahkan 2,4-D 10 mg/L,  2-iP 1 mg/L atau 3 mg/L, dan arang aktif 1,5 g/L.Kalus berhasil diinduksi menghasilkanembrio somatik pada medium MS modifikasi tanpa penggunaan hormon. Embrio somatik kemudian berkembang hingga menjadi planlet, dan akar planlet secara efektif terinisiasipada medium yang ditambahkan NAA 0,5 mg/L dan IBA1 mg/L.  [Kata kunci :sterilisasi,  kalogenesis, induksi embrio somatik, pengakaran planlet, propagasi klonal].

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical characterization of secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Maria Daniela Artigas Ramirez ◽  
Rafael Fernandez Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryos

Background and Aims: Meliaceae species are extremely recalcitrant during germination and in vitro processes. Therefore, this research focuses on characterization and optimization of a highly efficient system by secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica, which is an important step for enhancing secondary metabolite production and regeneration in recalcitrant species.Material and Methods: Leaf and cotyledon sections were induced in MS medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone, or combined with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and, abscisic acid (BA) with thidiazuron (TDZ).Key results: Azadirachta indica developed primary somatic embryos with BAP. Shoot and root formation occurred at low concentrations of BAP, while somatic embryogenesis was favored under high levels of BAP or TDZ. Primary and secondary somatic embryos were evidenced continuously and asynchronously. The highest amount of somatic embryos was obtained with cytokinins. However, the concentration might be significant to differentiate between primary and secondary embryos. Moreover, the auxins are key for inducing histodifferentiation in embryos. Shoot induction occurred after transfer of the embryos to hormone-free MS medium. The shoots were rooted in MS1/2.Conclusions: The secondary somatic embryos were distinguished and characterized during the whole process and the efficient system was established with cotyledon sections at short term, which offers several advantages such as the production of metabolites.

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