Growth and Photosynthetic Capability of Momordica grosvenori Plantlets Grown Photoautotrophically in Response to Light Intensity

Momordica grosvenori plantlets were cultured in vitro for 26 d on sucrose- and hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with four levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), namely 25, 50, 100, or 200 μmol·m−2·s−1, and a CO2 concentration of 1000 μmol·mol−1 in the culture room [i.e., photoautotrophic micropropagation (PA) treatments]. The control treatment was a photomixotrophic culture using MS medium containing sucrose and NAA with a CO2 concentration of 400 μmol·mol−1 in the culture room and a PPFD of 25 μmol·m−2·s−1. Based on the results, a second experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and sucrose on callus formation. For this, plantlets were grown in the absence and presence of either NAA or sucrose. Compared with the control, the PA plantlet had a well-developed rooting system, better shoot, greater chlorophyll content, and higher electron transport rate and the ex vitro survival percentage was increased by 31%. Both sucrose and NAA stimulated callus formation on the shoot bases of control plantlets, whereas calluses did not form on the plantlets grown in sucrose- and hormone-free medium. The stronger light intensities increased the fresh and dry weight of plantlets. A PPFD of 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 was more suitable for the growth of M. grosvenori plantlets. Therefore, photoautotrophic plantlets grown at high light intensities would be better suited to the intense irradiance found in sunlight.

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In vitro culture of Chrysanthemum plantlets using light-emitting diodes

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-008-0006-9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Anželika Kurilčik ◽

Renata Miklušytė-Čanova ◽

Stasė Dapkūnienė ◽

Silva Žilinskaitė ◽

Genadij Kurilčik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Spectral Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Blue Component

AbstractEffects of illumination spectrum on the morphogenesis of chrysanthemum plantlets (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Ellen’) grown in vitro were studied using an illumination system consisting of four groups of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the following spectral regions: blue (450nm), red (640nm), red (660nm), and far-red (735nm). Taking into account all differences in shoot height, root length, and fresh and dry weight (FW and DW, respectively), observed while changing the total photon flux density (PFD), the optimal total PFD for growth of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro was estimated. For 16 h photoperiod and typical fractions of the spectral components (14%, 50%, 28%, and 8%, respectively), the optimal total PFD was found to be 40 µmol m−2 s−1. Our study shows that the blue component in the illumination spectrum inhibits the plantlet extension and formation of roots and simultaneously increases the DW to FW ratio and content of photosynthetic pigments. We demonstrate photomorphogenetic effects in the blue region and its interaction with the fractional PFD of the far-red spectral component. Under constant fractional PFD of the blue component, the root number, length of roots and stems, and fresh weight of the plantlets have a correlated nonmonotonous dependence on the fractional PFD of the far-red component.

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Micropropagation of Clerodendrum phlomidis L.F.

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.1515/johr-2016-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mafatlal M. Kher ◽

Deepak Soner ◽

Neha Srivastava ◽

Murugan Nataraj ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

Keyword(s):

Callus Formation ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Nodal Explants ◽

Axillary Shoot ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽

Clerodendrum Phlomidis

Abstract Clerodendrum phlomidis L. f. is an important medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family, particularly its roots, which are used for various therapeutic purposes in a pulverized form. The objective of this study was to develop a standard protocol for axillary shoot proliferation and rooting of C. phlomidis for its propagation and conservation. Nodal explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium that was supplemented with one of six cytokinins: 6-benzyladenine, kinetin, thidiazuron, N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), trans-zeatin (Zea) and meta-topolin. Callus induction, which was prolific at all concentrations, formed at the base of nodal explants and hindered shoot multiplication and elongation. To avoid or reduce callus formation with the objective of increasing shoot formation, the same six cytokinins were combined with 4 μM 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA) alone or in combination with 270 μM adenine sulphate (AdS). Nodal explants that were cultured on the medium supplemented with 9.12 μM Zea, 4 μM TIBA and 270 μM AdS produced significantly more and longer shoots than on medium without TIBA and AdS. Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 8.05 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid was the best medium for root formation. Most (75%) in vitro rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized under natural conditions.

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Increased CO2 and Light Promote in Vitro Shoot Growth and Development of Theobroma cacao

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.3.585 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 585-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Antonio Figueira ◽

Anna Whipkey ◽

Jules Janick

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Axillary Shoots ◽

Single Node ◽

Cotyledonary Nodes

Axillary shoots of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), induced in vitro with cytokinins (BA or TDZ), elongated and produced leaves only in the presence of cotyledons and/or roots. Detached axillary shoots, which do not grow in `vitro under conventional tissue culture protocols, rooted with auxin and developed normally in vivo. Detached axillary shoots from cotyledonary nodes and single-node cuttings from mature plants were induced to elongate and produce normal leaves in the presence of 20,000 ppm CO2 and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 150 to 200 μmol·s-1·m-2. Subculture nodal cuttings continued to elongate and produce leaves under elevated CO2 and light levels, and some formed roots. Subculture of microcuttings under CO2 enrichment could be the basis for a rapid system of micropropagation for cacao. Chemical names used: N -(phenylmethyl) -1 H -purin-6-amine (BA); 1 H -indole-3-butyric `acid (IBA); α -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron (TDZ).

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Influence of sucrose and tyrosine on callus induction and morphine and codeine production on Papaver somniferum In vitro

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2010.4.2.120 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

M . S . Hamad ◽

I. A. Hamza ◽

S . A . Al-Muktar

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Drug Research ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Papaver Somniferum ◽

Research Center ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Ms Medium ◽

College Of Agriculture

A study was conducted at the tissue culture lab. College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad and Drug Research Center/ Health Minstry during 2006 - 2007. Results indicated that MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l of sucrose gave the highest values (630.3, 61.6) mg of both fresh and dry weight of callus respectively. However, values of both parameters were reduced with increasing sucrose concentrations up to 60, 90, 120 g/l (478.2, 346.5, 217.6) mg respectively. MS medium supplemented with 30 mg/l of tyrosine gave the highest values of callus fresh and dry weight (429.7, 42.6) mg respectively. MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l of sucrose and 30 mg/L tyrosine gave the highest values (688.0, 67.5) mg of both fresh and dry weight callus. MS medium supplemented with 30 mg/l of tyrosine and 90 g/l of sucrose gave the highest values (2.9, 2.8) mg/g of morphine and codeine from fresh callus weight respectively while the lowest values of morphine and codeine (0.5K 0.2) mg/g from fresh callus weight respectively of control treatment .

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The effect of gamma radiation on callus growth and plantlet regeneration of four tomato hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum mill In vitro

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2009.3.1.46 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

AssRana A.H. Al-roomia

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plantlet Regeneration ◽

Callus Growth ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

Calluses were induced from four tomato hybrid (Davista, superDavista, Muntcarloo,Hymar). On MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D Auxin at concentration of 4 mg/L.The Callus were divided into two groups the first one was affected with gammaradiation at the doses (0,2,4,6,8)Gray and re cultured on the same mentioned medium.The second group was also affected with gamma radiation with the same dosesmentioned above and re- cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Kinetinfor regeneration. Fresh and dry weight was measured after 8 weeks. The number andlength of shoots were measured as indicators after 6 weeks. Results revealed that thedose 2 Gray was superior to give highest rate of fresh and dry weight reaching 238.5and 43.1 mg respectively and the hybrid super Davista was superior in giving thehighest fresh and dry weight reaching 231.6 and 30.2 mg respectively. Moreover theresults revealed that control treatment was superior in giving the highest rate innumber and length of plantlets. The 2 Gray treatment showed a significant effect onthe rate and length of plantlets. In addition, there were significant differences amongthe cultivars in most characters mentioned above.

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556 In Vitro Anther Culture of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.491e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 491E-491

Author(s):

M.H. Aboul-Nasr ◽

M.A. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Growth Substance ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Growth Substances ◽

Tetrad Stage ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Solid Media

This experiment was performed at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Horticulture Dept. of the Faculty of Agriculture at Assiut Univ., Egypt. After several attempts to determine the proper stage of buds for collection of pollen, we determined that the tetrad stage was most suitable. The pollen was cultured on either MS or B5 liquid or solid media (7% agar). Both media were used as basic salts or supplemented with growth regulators. The four growth substances were BA, NAA, K, and 2,4-D. Each growth substance was added to the medium separately as follow: BA, NAA at 15, 10, or 5 ppm; K at 0.1, 1, 2, or 5 ppm; and 2,4-D at 0.5, 1, or 5 ppm. The solidified medium was superior to the liquid medium at all the treatments that were used for callus formation. Using B5 medium did not result in any callus. The highest value of callus formation was obtained when MS medium supplemented with BA at 5 ppm. Moreover, the callus that was grown on the MS medium that had BA at 5 or 10 ppm developed a merstim tip. The control treatment produced calluses but did not develop any meristem tips. This process can be used to develop haploid plants.

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Supplemental Far-red Light-emitting Diode Light Increases Growth of Foxglove Seedlings Under Sole-source Lighting

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04661-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 564-569

Author(s):

Claudia Elkins ◽

Marc W. van Iersel

Keyword(s):

Flux Density ◽

Plant Height ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Red Light ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sole Source ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Light Intensities

Seedlings may be grown indoors where environmental conditions can be precisely controlled to ensure consistent and reliable production. The optimal spectrum for production under sole-source lighting is currently unknown. Far-red light (λ = 700–800 nm) typically is not a significant part of the spectrum of light-emitting diode (LED) grow lights. However, far-red light is photosynthetically active and can enhance leaf elongation, which may result in larger leaves and increased light interception. We hypothesized that adding far-red light to sole-source lighting would increase the growth of ‘Dalmatian Peach’ foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) seedlings grown under white LED lights, potentially shortening production times. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of far-red light intensities, ranging from 4.0 to 68.8 µmol·m−2·s−1, on the growth and morphology of foxglove seedlings. Foxglove seedlings were grown in a growth chamber with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 186 ± 6.4 μmol·m−2·s−1 and supplemental far-red light intensities ranging from 4.0 to 68.8 µmol·m−2·s−1. As far-red light increased, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, plant height, and plant height/number of leaves increased by 38% (P = 0.004), 20% (P = 0.029), 38% (P = 0.025), and 34% (P = 0.024), respectively, while root weight fraction decreased 16% (P = 0.034). Although we expected supplemental far-red light to induce leaf and/or stem expansion, specific leaf area and compactness (two measures of morphology) were unaffected. Because a 37% increase in total photon flux density (PPFD plus far-red light) resulted in a 34.5% increase in total plant dry weight, the increased growth likely was due to increased photosynthesis rather than a shade-acclimation response. The growth response was linear across the 4.0 to 68.8 µmol·m−2·s−1 range of far-fed light tested, so we were unable to determine a saturating far-red photon flux density.

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Cardenolide and glucosinolate accumulation in shoot cultures of Erysimum crepidifolium Rchb.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant ◽

10.1007/s11627-020-10135-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Horn ◽

Yvonne Kemmler ◽

Wolfgang Kreis ◽

Jennifer Munkert

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Selective Advantage ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Solid Media ◽

Brassicaceae Species ◽

Modified Ms Medium

AbstractErysimum crepidifolium Rchb. is one of the few Brassicaceae species accumulating glucosinolates as well as cardenolides. This is possibly providing a selective advantage in evolution as both compounds are part of a chemical defense system. In order to study the biosynthesis of these compounds, a regeneration protocol for E. crepidifolium using in vitro shoot cultures derived from seeds has been developed. Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with various combinations of cytokinins and auxins was used. MS medium containing NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.04 mg mL−1) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine, 0.2·10−2 mg mL−1) proved to be optimal for root formation. Plantlets developed well on modified MS medium without the use of phytohormones. About 80% of the plantlets rooted in vitro developed into intact plants after transfer to the greenhouse. Cardenolides (1.75 mg g−1 dry weight (DW)) were detected in cultured shoots on solid DDV media while glucosinolates mainly accumulated in roots where 0.025 mg g−1 FW were detected in shoots cultured on the same medium (DDV). The expression of two progesterone 5β-reductase and three Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes were measured in shoot cultures since the encoded enzymes are supposed to be involved in cardenolide biosynthesis. E. crepidifolium shoot cultures propagated on solid media meet the necessary requirements, i.e., clonal homogeneity, product accumulation, and gene expression, for a suitable model to study cardenolide but not glucosinolate biosynthesis.

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Growth and Bioactive Compound Content of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miquel Grown under Different CO2 Concentrations and Light Intensities

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1581

Author(s):

Hye Ri Lee ◽

Hyeon Min Kim ◽

Hyeon Woo Jeong ◽

Myung Min Oh ◽

Seung Jae Hwang

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Plant Production ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Co2 Concentrations ◽

Light Intensities ◽

Glehnia Littoralis

This study aims to determine the effect of different CO2 concentrations and light intensities on the growth, photosynthetic rate, and bioactive compound content of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miquel in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). The plants were transplanted into a deep floating technique system with recycling nutrient solution (EC 1.0 dS·m-1 and pH 6.5) and cultured for 96 days under a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, a photoperiod of 12/12 h (light/dark), and RGB LEDs (red:green:blue = 7:1:2) in a CPPS. The experimental treatments were set to 500 or 1500 µmol∙mol−1 CO2 concentrations in combination with one of the three light intensities: 100, 200, or 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The petiole length of G. littoralis was the longest in the 500 µmol∙mol−1 CO2 concentration with the 100 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD. The fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of shoots and roots were the heaviest in the 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD regardless of the CO2 concentration. Higher CO2 concentrations and light intensities produced the greatest photosynthetic rates. However, the SPAD value was not significantly different between the treatments. Higher light intensities produced greater content per biomass of chlorogenic acid and total saponin, although the concentration per DW or FW was not significantly different between treatments. The first and second harvest yields were the greatest in the 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD, regardless of the CO2 concentration. These results show that the 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD enhanced the growth, photosynthetic rate, and bioactive compound accumulation of G. littoralis, regardless of the CO2 concentration in a CPPS.

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The Effect of Low Light Intensity and Temperature on Growth of Schefflera arboricola in Interior Landscapes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.1.65 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 65-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Astrid Kubatsch ◽

Heiner Grüneberg ◽

Christian Ulrichs

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Thickness ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Low Light ◽

Light Intensities ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Schefflera Arboricola

Schefflera arboricola was held in light- and temperature-controlled chambers for 6 months under three light intensities of 10 μmol·m–2·s–1, 20 μmol·m–2·s–1, and 80 μmol·m–2·s–1 measured as photon flux density (PFD). Plants also received three temperature regimes: 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C. Reduced light intensity significantly decreased fresh and dry weight and increased chlorophyll content, but did not affect leaf thickness and palisade and spongy mesophyll parenchyma. High temperatures reduced fresh weight and significantly increased chlorophyll content and leaf thickness. The authors conclude that reduced photosynthetic energy flow at low light intensities (10 μmol·m–2·s–1, 20 μmol·m–2·s–1) could not be buffered by a downregulation of energy-consuming processes. Therefore the life span and quality of S. arboricola is reduced at such PFD values, especially at higher temperatures. Plants lose their marketability within 6 months.

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